The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
In the context of population aging, the growing problem of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a great challenge to mankind. Although there has been considerable progress in exploring the etiology of AD, i.e., the important role of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the progression of AD has...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1269359/full |
| _version_ | 1797489301427060736 |
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| author | Yucheng Zhang Yue Zhang Zhouhao Jiang Mengxue Xu Kunqiang Qing |
| author_facet | Yucheng Zhang Yue Zhang Zhouhao Jiang Mengxue Xu Kunqiang Qing |
| author_sort | Yucheng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the context of population aging, the growing problem of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a great challenge to mankind. Although there has been considerable progress in exploring the etiology of AD, i.e., the important role of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the progression of AD has been widely accepted by the scientific community, traditional treatment and monitoring modalities have significant limitations. Therefore novel evaluation and treatment modalities for Alzheimer’s disease are called for emergence. In this research, we sought to review the effectiveness of digital treatment based on monitoring using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). This work searched four electronic databases using a keyword approach and focused on journals focusing on AD and geriatric cognition. Finally, 21 articles were included. The progress of digital therapy and outcome monitoring in AD was reviewed, including digital therapy approaches on different platforms and different neuromonitoring techniques. Because biomarkers such as theta coherence, alpha and beta rhythms, and oxyhemoglobin are effective in monitoring the cognitive level of AD patients, and thus the efficacy of digital therapies, this review particularly focuses on the biomarker validation results of digital therapies. The results show that digital treatment based on biomarker monitoring has good effectiveness. And the effectiveness is reflected in the numerical changes of biomarker indicators monitored by EEG and fNIRS before and after digital treatment. Increases or decreases in the values of these indicators collectively point to improvements in cognitive function (mostly moderate to large effect sizes). The study is the first to examine the state of digital therapy in AD from the perspective of multimodal monitoring, which broadens the research perspective on the effectiveness of AD and gives clinical therapists a “reference list” of treatment options. They can select a specific protocol from this “reference list” in order to tailor digital therapy to the needs of individual patients. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f940e7cbb22b403fbfd4079247a5e9c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:14:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-f940e7cbb22b403fbfd4079247a5e9c62023-11-23T15:54:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-11-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12693591269359The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic reviewYucheng Zhang0Yue Zhang1Zhouhao Jiang2Mengxue Xu3Kunqiang Qing4Department of Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Computer Control and Automation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Neurology, Chongqing Public Healthy Medical Center, Chongqing, ChinaResearch Group of Brain-computer Interface, Brainup Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing, ChinaIn the context of population aging, the growing problem of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a great challenge to mankind. Although there has been considerable progress in exploring the etiology of AD, i.e., the important role of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the progression of AD has been widely accepted by the scientific community, traditional treatment and monitoring modalities have significant limitations. Therefore novel evaluation and treatment modalities for Alzheimer’s disease are called for emergence. In this research, we sought to review the effectiveness of digital treatment based on monitoring using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). This work searched four electronic databases using a keyword approach and focused on journals focusing on AD and geriatric cognition. Finally, 21 articles were included. The progress of digital therapy and outcome monitoring in AD was reviewed, including digital therapy approaches on different platforms and different neuromonitoring techniques. Because biomarkers such as theta coherence, alpha and beta rhythms, and oxyhemoglobin are effective in monitoring the cognitive level of AD patients, and thus the efficacy of digital therapies, this review particularly focuses on the biomarker validation results of digital therapies. The results show that digital treatment based on biomarker monitoring has good effectiveness. And the effectiveness is reflected in the numerical changes of biomarker indicators monitored by EEG and fNIRS before and after digital treatment. Increases or decreases in the values of these indicators collectively point to improvements in cognitive function (mostly moderate to large effect sizes). The study is the first to examine the state of digital therapy in AD from the perspective of multimodal monitoring, which broadens the research perspective on the effectiveness of AD and gives clinical therapists a “reference list” of treatment options. They can select a specific protocol from this “reference list” in order to tailor digital therapy to the needs of individual patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1269359/fullAlzheimer’s diseaseEEGfNIRSdigital assessmentdigital therapy |
| spellingShingle | Yucheng Zhang Yue Zhang Zhouhao Jiang Mengxue Xu Kunqiang Qing The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review Frontiers in Neuroscience Alzheimer’s disease EEG fNIRS digital assessment digital therapy |
| title | The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review |
| title_full | The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review |
| title_short | The effect of EEG and fNIRS in the digital assessment and digital therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review |
| title_sort | effect of eeg and fnirs in the digital assessment and digital therapy of alzheimer s disease a systematic review |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease EEG fNIRS digital assessment digital therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1269359/full |
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