Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate
Ultrasound has proven to be an important tool for controlling nucleation in continuous tubular crystallizers. However, insufficient information is available about the parameters controlling the nucleation rate in a continuous ultrasonic process. Previous research has studied parameters related to th...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1054 |
| _version_ | 1797519733654814720 |
|---|---|
| author | Arne Vancleef Tom Van Gerven Leen C. J. Thomassen Leen Braeken |
| author_facet | Arne Vancleef Tom Van Gerven Leen C. J. Thomassen Leen Braeken |
| author_sort | Arne Vancleef |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultrasound has proven to be an important tool for controlling nucleation in continuous tubular crystallizers. However, insufficient information is available about the parameters controlling the nucleation rate in a continuous ultrasonic process. Previous research has studied parameters related to the nucleation rate, but has not measured the nucleation rate directly or continuously. In this work, the nucleation rate is measured continuously and inline to solve this problem and achieve a better process understanding. The results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted nucleation process is presumably dominated by secondary nucleation. Additionally, the supersaturation, residence time and flow rate have a strong influence on the nucleation rate. On the other hand, the influence of the ultrasonic power is crucial but levels off once a certain amount of power is reached. The static pressure in the system determines the effective ultrasonic power and is therefore also important for the nucleation rate. Finally, maintaining an equal power per unit of volume and an equal residence time by increasing the tubing diameter seems to be a good scale-up method. These results will improve understanding of ultrasonic tubular crystallizers and how to control them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9451f785f004332b07f300b69f2e393 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9451f785f004332b07f300b69f2e3932023-11-22T12:35:09ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-09-01119105410.3390/cryst11091054Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation RateArne Vancleef0Tom Van Gerven1Leen C. J. Thomassen2Leen Braeken3Research Unit CIPT, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology TC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Diepenbeek Campus, KU Leuven, Agoralaan Gebouw B, 3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumResearch Unit ProcESS, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology TC, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumResearch Unit CIPT, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology TC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Diepenbeek Campus, KU Leuven, Agoralaan Gebouw B, 3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumResearch Unit CIPT, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology TC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Diepenbeek Campus, KU Leuven, Agoralaan Gebouw B, 3590 Diepenbeek, BelgiumUltrasound has proven to be an important tool for controlling nucleation in continuous tubular crystallizers. However, insufficient information is available about the parameters controlling the nucleation rate in a continuous ultrasonic process. Previous research has studied parameters related to the nucleation rate, but has not measured the nucleation rate directly or continuously. In this work, the nucleation rate is measured continuously and inline to solve this problem and achieve a better process understanding. The results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted nucleation process is presumably dominated by secondary nucleation. Additionally, the supersaturation, residence time and flow rate have a strong influence on the nucleation rate. On the other hand, the influence of the ultrasonic power is crucial but levels off once a certain amount of power is reached. The static pressure in the system determines the effective ultrasonic power and is therefore also important for the nucleation rate. Finally, maintaining an equal power per unit of volume and an equal residence time by increasing the tubing diameter seems to be a good scale-up method. These results will improve understanding of ultrasonic tubular crystallizers and how to control them.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1054nucleationcontinuous crystallizationultrasoundtubular crystallizers |
| spellingShingle | Arne Vancleef Tom Van Gerven Leen C. J. Thomassen Leen Braeken Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate Crystals nucleation continuous crystallization ultrasound tubular crystallizers |
| title | Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate |
| title_full | Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate |
| title_short | Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate |
| title_sort | ultrasound in continuous tubular crystallizers parameters affecting the nucleation rate |
| topic | nucleation continuous crystallization ultrasound tubular crystallizers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1054 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arnevancleef ultrasoundincontinuoustubularcrystallizersparametersaffectingthenucleationrate AT tomvangerven ultrasoundincontinuoustubularcrystallizersparametersaffectingthenucleationrate AT leencjthomassen ultrasoundincontinuoustubularcrystallizersparametersaffectingthenucleationrate AT leenbraeken ultrasoundincontinuoustubularcrystallizersparametersaffectingthenucleationrate |