A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach
Natural products in the form of functional foods have become increasingly popular due to their protective effects against life-threatening diseases, low risk of adverse effects, affordability, and accessibility. Plant components such as phytosterol, in particular, have drawn a lot of press recently...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1595 |
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| author | Monisha Prasad Selvaraj Jayaraman Mohamed Ahmed Eladl Mohamed El-Sherbiny Mosaab Abdella Ebrahim Abdelrahman Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy Vidhya Rekha Umapathy Shazia Fathima Jaffer Hussain Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy Durairaj Sekar Chella Perumal Palanisamy Surapaneni Krishna Mohan Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal |
| author_facet | Monisha Prasad Selvaraj Jayaraman Mohamed Ahmed Eladl Mohamed El-Sherbiny Mosaab Abdella Ebrahim Abdelrahman Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy Vidhya Rekha Umapathy Shazia Fathima Jaffer Hussain Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy Durairaj Sekar Chella Perumal Palanisamy Surapaneni Krishna Mohan Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal |
| author_sort | Monisha Prasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural products in the form of functional foods have become increasingly popular due to their protective effects against life-threatening diseases, low risk of adverse effects, affordability, and accessibility. Plant components such as phytosterol, in particular, have drawn a lot of press recently due to a link between their consumption and a modest incidence of global problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In the management of diet-related metabolic diseases, such as T2DM and cardiovascular disorders, these plant-based functional foods and nutritional supplements have unquestionably led the market in terms of cost-effectiveness, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder categoriszed by high blood sugar and insulin resistance, which influence major metabolic organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. These chronic hyperglycemia fallouts result in decreased glucose consumption by body cells, increased fat mobilisation from fat storage cells, and protein depletion in human tissues, keeping the tissues in a state of crisis. In addition, functional foods such as phytosterols improve the body’s healing process from these crises by promoting a proper physiological metabolism and cellular activities. They are plant-derived steroid molecules having structure and function similar to cholesterol, which is found in vegetables, grains, nuts, olive oil, wood pulp, legumes, cereals, and leaves, and are abundant in nature, along with phytosterol derivatives. The most copious phytosterols seen in the human diet are sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, which can be found in free form, as fatty acid/cinnamic acid esters or as glycosides processed by pancreatic enzymes. Accumulating evidence reveals that phytosterols and diets enriched with them can control glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin resistance. Despite this, few studies on the advantages of sterol control in diabetes care have been published. As a basis, the primary objective of this review is to convey extensive updated information on the possibility of managing diabetes and associated complications with sterol-rich foods in molecular aspects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f957e6b0c702472cbe4d27601b55bd29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f957e6b0c702472cbe4d27601b55bd292023-11-23T23:26:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01275159510.3390/molecules27051595A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic ApproachMonisha Prasad0Selvaraj Jayaraman1Mohamed Ahmed Eladl2Mohamed El-Sherbiny3Mosaab Abdella Ebrahim Abdelrahman4Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan5Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy6Vidhya Rekha Umapathy7Shazia Fathima Jaffer Hussain8Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy9Durairaj Sekar10Chella Perumal Palanisamy11Surapaneni Krishna Mohan12Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal13Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, IndiaCentre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, IndiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi ArabiaCentre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, IndiaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600119, IndiaCentre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, IndiaCellular and Molecular Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, IndiaState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, ChinaDepartments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, IndiaDepartment of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600095, IndiaNatural products in the form of functional foods have become increasingly popular due to their protective effects against life-threatening diseases, low risk of adverse effects, affordability, and accessibility. Plant components such as phytosterol, in particular, have drawn a lot of press recently due to a link between their consumption and a modest incidence of global problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In the management of diet-related metabolic diseases, such as T2DM and cardiovascular disorders, these plant-based functional foods and nutritional supplements have unquestionably led the market in terms of cost-effectiveness, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder categoriszed by high blood sugar and insulin resistance, which influence major metabolic organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. These chronic hyperglycemia fallouts result in decreased glucose consumption by body cells, increased fat mobilisation from fat storage cells, and protein depletion in human tissues, keeping the tissues in a state of crisis. In addition, functional foods such as phytosterols improve the body’s healing process from these crises by promoting a proper physiological metabolism and cellular activities. They are plant-derived steroid molecules having structure and function similar to cholesterol, which is found in vegetables, grains, nuts, olive oil, wood pulp, legumes, cereals, and leaves, and are abundant in nature, along with phytosterol derivatives. The most copious phytosterols seen in the human diet are sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, which can be found in free form, as fatty acid/cinnamic acid esters or as glycosides processed by pancreatic enzymes. Accumulating evidence reveals that phytosterols and diets enriched with them can control glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin resistance. Despite this, few studies on the advantages of sterol control in diabetes care have been published. As a basis, the primary objective of this review is to convey extensive updated information on the possibility of managing diabetes and associated complications with sterol-rich foods in molecular aspects.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1595phytosterolsinsulin resistancediabetes mellitusobesitycholesteroltherapeutic implications |
| spellingShingle | Monisha Prasad Selvaraj Jayaraman Mohamed Ahmed Eladl Mohamed El-Sherbiny Mosaab Abdella Ebrahim Abdelrahman Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy Vidhya Rekha Umapathy Shazia Fathima Jaffer Hussain Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy Durairaj Sekar Chella Perumal Palanisamy Surapaneni Krishna Mohan Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach Molecules phytosterols insulin resistance diabetes mellitus obesity cholesterol therapeutic implications |
| title | A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytosterols in Insulin Resistance: A Mechanistic Approach |
| title_sort | comprehensive review on therapeutic perspectives of phytosterols in insulin resistance a mechanistic approach |
| topic | phytosterols insulin resistance diabetes mellitus obesity cholesterol therapeutic implications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1595 |
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