The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Env...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/337 |
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| author | Rachael Lynda Bell Hannah Louise Turkington Sara Louise Cosby |
| author_facet | Rachael Lynda Bell Hannah Louise Turkington Sara Louise Cosby |
| author_sort | Rachael Lynda Bell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Environmental stress and/or viral infection predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections via suppression of key innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. This allows bacteria to descend the respiratory tract unchallenged. BRDC is the costliest disease among feedlot cattle, and whilst vaccines exist for individual pathogens, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy of these vaccines and uncertainty surrounding the optimum timing of delivery. This review outlines the immunosuppressive actions of the individual pathogens involved in BRDC and highlights the key issues in the development of vaccinations against them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f97578d5b85f426f98b5dfebbbdd02c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f97578d5b85f426f98b5dfebbbdd02c72023-11-21T13:50:51ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-04-019433710.3390/vaccines9040337The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine DevelopmentsRachael Lynda Bell0Hannah Louise Turkington1Sara Louise Cosby2Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD Northern, IrelandVeterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD Northern, IrelandVeterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD Northern, IrelandBovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Environmental stress and/or viral infection predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections via suppression of key innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. This allows bacteria to descend the respiratory tract unchallenged. BRDC is the costliest disease among feedlot cattle, and whilst vaccines exist for individual pathogens, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy of these vaccines and uncertainty surrounding the optimum timing of delivery. This review outlines the immunosuppressive actions of the individual pathogens involved in BRDC and highlights the key issues in the development of vaccinations against them.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/337bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)immunityimmune evasionrespiratory virusesbacterial agentsvaccine development |
| spellingShingle | Rachael Lynda Bell Hannah Louise Turkington Sara Louise Cosby The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments Vaccines bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) immunity immune evasion respiratory viruses bacterial agents vaccine development |
| title | The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments |
| title_full | The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments |
| title_fullStr | The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments |
| title_short | The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments |
| title_sort | bacterial and viral agents of brdc immune evasion and vaccine developments |
| topic | bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) immunity immune evasion respiratory viruses bacterial agents vaccine development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/337 |
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