PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets
Vaccination against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) is widely practiced in both sows and piglets. However, it has been shown that multivaccinated sows sometimes lack a detectable antibody response, testing seronegative in ELISA (non-responders). Moreover, PRRSV-vaccin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/257 |
| _version_ | 1797239206985072640 |
|---|---|
| author | Jorian Fiers Dominiek Maes Ann-Brigitte Cay Frank Vandenbussche Laurent Mostin Anna Parys Marylène Tignon |
| author_facet | Jorian Fiers Dominiek Maes Ann-Brigitte Cay Frank Vandenbussche Laurent Mostin Anna Parys Marylène Tignon |
| author_sort | Jorian Fiers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) is widely practiced in both sows and piglets. However, it has been shown that multivaccinated sows sometimes lack a detectable antibody response, testing seronegative in ELISA (non-responders). Moreover, PRRSV-vaccinated piglets can remain seronegative as well, which is mainly attributed to the interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). The current study investigated the impact of the sow’s immune status on the PRRSV vaccine effectiveness in the progeny. The experimental trial included forty-eight piglets (<i>n</i> = 48) originating from a commercial Belgian breeding herd, with twenty-four piglets born from PRRSV vaccinated responder sows (E+ piglets) and twenty-four piglets born from PRRSV vaccinated non-responder sows (E− piglets). Eight piglets in each group were either non-vaccinated (NoVac piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), intramuscularly vaccinated (IM piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), or intradermally vaccinated (ID piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), with the same PRRSV-1 vaccine as used in the sow population. Vaccination was performed at weaning at three weeks of age, and all study piglets were challenged with a high dose of the PRRSV-1 07V063 strain at 6 weeks of age. A clear interference of MDAs was observed in the E+ piglets: 66.7% of the vaccinated E+ piglets lacked an antibody response at 3 weeks post-vaccination (non-responders). Consequently, post-challenge, only the responding E+ piglets had a significantly reduced serum viremia compared to the E+ NoVac piglets. The observed viremia in the non-responding E+ piglets was similar to the viremia of the E+ NoVac piglets. In the vaccinated E− piglets, a lack of antibody response at 3 weeks post-vaccination was observed in 18.8% of the piglets. Interestingly, despite the lack of a vaccine antibody response, the non-responding E− piglets had a significantly reduced serum viremia compared to the NoVac E− piglets. In contrast, the viremia of the responding E− piglets was only numerically reduced compared to the NoVac E− piglets. Finally, some clear differences were observed in both the kinetics of infection and the immune responses post-challenge between the E+ and E− piglets. The results of this study confirm the consequences of the MDA interference on the induced partial protection of PRRSV vaccination in experimentally challenged piglets. More research is warranted to understand the immunological mechanisms behind MDA interference in PRRSV vaccination and to explain the observed differences between E+ and E− piglets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9879e7550594ce6853f5467baa1e310 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9879e7550594ce6853f5467baa1e3102024-03-27T14:06:57ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-03-0112325710.3390/vaccines12030257PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in PigletsJorian Fiers0Dominiek Maes1Ann-Brigitte Cay2Frank Vandenbussche3Laurent Mostin4Anna Parys5Marylène Tignon6Unit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, BelgiumUnit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumUnit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, BelgiumUnit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, BelgiumUnit Experimental Centre, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Kerklaan 68, 1830 Machelen, BelgiumUnit Experimental Centre, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Kerklaan 68, 1830 Machelen, BelgiumUnit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, BelgiumVaccination against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) is widely practiced in both sows and piglets. However, it has been shown that multivaccinated sows sometimes lack a detectable antibody response, testing seronegative in ELISA (non-responders). Moreover, PRRSV-vaccinated piglets can remain seronegative as well, which is mainly attributed to the interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). The current study investigated the impact of the sow’s immune status on the PRRSV vaccine effectiveness in the progeny. The experimental trial included forty-eight piglets (<i>n</i> = 48) originating from a commercial Belgian breeding herd, with twenty-four piglets born from PRRSV vaccinated responder sows (E+ piglets) and twenty-four piglets born from PRRSV vaccinated non-responder sows (E− piglets). Eight piglets in each group were either non-vaccinated (NoVac piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), intramuscularly vaccinated (IM piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), or intradermally vaccinated (ID piglets; <i>n</i> = 8), with the same PRRSV-1 vaccine as used in the sow population. Vaccination was performed at weaning at three weeks of age, and all study piglets were challenged with a high dose of the PRRSV-1 07V063 strain at 6 weeks of age. A clear interference of MDAs was observed in the E+ piglets: 66.7% of the vaccinated E+ piglets lacked an antibody response at 3 weeks post-vaccination (non-responders). Consequently, post-challenge, only the responding E+ piglets had a significantly reduced serum viremia compared to the E+ NoVac piglets. The observed viremia in the non-responding E+ piglets was similar to the viremia of the E+ NoVac piglets. In the vaccinated E− piglets, a lack of antibody response at 3 weeks post-vaccination was observed in 18.8% of the piglets. Interestingly, despite the lack of a vaccine antibody response, the non-responding E− piglets had a significantly reduced serum viremia compared to the NoVac E− piglets. In contrast, the viremia of the responding E− piglets was only numerically reduced compared to the NoVac E− piglets. Finally, some clear differences were observed in both the kinetics of infection and the immune responses post-challenge between the E+ and E− piglets. The results of this study confirm the consequences of the MDA interference on the induced partial protection of PRRSV vaccination in experimentally challenged piglets. More research is warranted to understand the immunological mechanisms behind MDA interference in PRRSV vaccination and to explain the observed differences between E+ and E− piglets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/257PRRSVvaccinationviremiachallengeimmune responsematernally derived antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Jorian Fiers Dominiek Maes Ann-Brigitte Cay Frank Vandenbussche Laurent Mostin Anna Parys Marylène Tignon PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets Vaccines PRRSV vaccination viremia challenge immune response maternally derived antibodies |
| title | PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets |
| title_full | PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets |
| title_fullStr | PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets |
| title_short | PRRSV-Vaccinated, Seronegative Sows and Maternally Derived Antibodies (II): Impact on PRRSV-1 Vaccine Effectiveness and Challenge Outcomes in Piglets |
| title_sort | prrsv vaccinated seronegative sows and maternally derived antibodies ii impact on prrsv 1 vaccine effectiveness and challenge outcomes in piglets |
| topic | PRRSV vaccination viremia challenge immune response maternally derived antibodies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/257 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jorianfiers prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT dominiekmaes prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT annbrigittecay prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT frankvandenbussche prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT laurentmostin prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT annaparys prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets AT marylenetignon prrsvvaccinatedseronegativesowsandmaternallyderivedantibodiesiiimpactonprrsv1vaccineeffectivenessandchallengeoutcomesinpiglets |