A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions
The aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1478 |
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| author | Andreas Pseftogkas Maria-Elissavet Koukouli Ioanna Skoulidou Dimitrios Balis Charikleia Meleti Trissevgeni Stavrakou Luigi Falco Jos van Geffen Henk Eskes Arjo Segers Astrid Manders |
| author_facet | Andreas Pseftogkas Maria-Elissavet Koukouli Ioanna Skoulidou Dimitrios Balis Charikleia Meleti Trissevgeni Stavrakou Luigi Falco Jos van Geffen Henk Eskes Arjo Segers Astrid Manders |
| author_sort | Andreas Pseftogkas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. This methodology is implemented for the first time on the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Global Shipping (CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1) nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) emissions inventory, on the Sentinel-5 Precursor Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) tropospheric vertical column densities, and on the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation—European Operational Smog) CTM (chemical transport model) simulations. By applying this new EMODnet-based lane separation method to the CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1 emission inventory, we find that cargo and tanker vessels account for approximately 80% of the total emissions in the Mediterranean, followed by fishing, passenger, and other vessel emissions with contributions of 8%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column densities sensed by TROPOMI for 2019 and simulated by the LOTOS-EUROS CTM have been successfully attributed to the major vessel activities in the Mediterranean; the mean annual NO<sub>2</sub> load of the observations and the simulations reported for the entire maritime EMODnet-reported fleet of the Mediterranean is in satisfactory agreement, 1.26 ± 0.56 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> and 0.98 ± 0.41 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The spatial correlation of the annual maritime NO<sub>2</sub> loads of all vessel types between observation and simulation ranges between 0.93 and 0.98. On a seasonal basis, both observations and simulations show a common variability. The wintertime comparisons are in excellent agreement for the highest emitting sector, cargo vessels, with the observations reporting a mean load of 0.98 ± 0.54 and the simulations of 0.81 ± 0.45 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> and correlation of 0.88. Similarly, the passenger sector reports 0.45 ± 0.49 and 0.39 ± 0.45 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> respectively, with correlation of 0.95. In summertime, the simulations report a higher decrease in modelled tropospheric columns than the observations, however, still resulting in a high correlation between 0.85 and 0.94 for all sectors. These encouraging findings will permit us to proceed with creating a top-down inventory for NO<sub>x</sub> shipping emissions using S5P/TROPOMI satellite observations and a data assimilation technique based on the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:42:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f990e5453bd740c781f6ee2e56d0c5ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:42:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f990e5453bd740c781f6ee2e56d0c5ab2023-11-22T22:25:00ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-11-011211147810.3390/atmos12111478A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea RegionsAndreas Pseftogkas0Maria-Elissavet Koukouli1Ioanna Skoulidou2Dimitrios Balis3Charikleia Meleti4Trissevgeni Stavrakou5Luigi Falco6Jos van Geffen7Henk Eskes8Arjo Segers9Astrid Manders10Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceRoyal Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), 1180 Brussels, BelgiumEMODnet Human Activities, COGEA Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), 3731 GA De Bilt, The NetherlandsRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), 3731 GA De Bilt, The NetherlandsTNO, Climate, Air and Sustainability, 3584 CB Utrecht, The NetherlandsTNO, Climate, Air and Sustainability, 3584 CB Utrecht, The NetherlandsThe aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. This methodology is implemented for the first time on the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Global Shipping (CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1) nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) emissions inventory, on the Sentinel-5 Precursor Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) tropospheric vertical column densities, and on the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation—European Operational Smog) CTM (chemical transport model) simulations. By applying this new EMODnet-based lane separation method to the CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1 emission inventory, we find that cargo and tanker vessels account for approximately 80% of the total emissions in the Mediterranean, followed by fishing, passenger, and other vessel emissions with contributions of 8%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column densities sensed by TROPOMI for 2019 and simulated by the LOTOS-EUROS CTM have been successfully attributed to the major vessel activities in the Mediterranean; the mean annual NO<sub>2</sub> load of the observations and the simulations reported for the entire maritime EMODnet-reported fleet of the Mediterranean is in satisfactory agreement, 1.26 ± 0.56 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> and 0.98 ± 0.41 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The spatial correlation of the annual maritime NO<sub>2</sub> loads of all vessel types between observation and simulation ranges between 0.93 and 0.98. On a seasonal basis, both observations and simulations show a common variability. The wintertime comparisons are in excellent agreement for the highest emitting sector, cargo vessels, with the observations reporting a mean load of 0.98 ± 0.54 and the simulations of 0.81 ± 0.45 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> and correlation of 0.88. Similarly, the passenger sector reports 0.45 ± 0.49 and 0.39 ± 0.45 × 10<sup>15</sup> molecules cm<sup>−2</sup> respectively, with correlation of 0.95. In summertime, the simulations report a higher decrease in modelled tropospheric columns than the observations, however, still resulting in a high correlation between 0.85 and 0.94 for all sectors. These encouraging findings will permit us to proceed with creating a top-down inventory for NO<sub>x</sub> shipping emissions using S5P/TROPOMI satellite observations and a data assimilation technique based on the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1478Mediterraneanshipping emissionsCAMS-GLOB-SHIPTROPOMILOTOS-EUROS CTMNO<sub>X</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Andreas Pseftogkas Maria-Elissavet Koukouli Ioanna Skoulidou Dimitrios Balis Charikleia Meleti Trissevgeni Stavrakou Luigi Falco Jos van Geffen Henk Eskes Arjo Segers Astrid Manders A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions Atmosphere Mediterranean shipping emissions CAMS-GLOB-SHIP TROPOMI LOTOS-EUROS CTM NO<sub>X</sub> |
| title | A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions |
| title_full | A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions |
| title_fullStr | A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions |
| title_short | A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions |
| title_sort | new separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions over the mediterranean and black sea regions |
| topic | Mediterranean shipping emissions CAMS-GLOB-SHIP TROPOMI LOTOS-EUROS CTM NO<sub>X</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1478 |
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