Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies
Amitriptyline residue released into the aquatic ecosystem can have detrimental consequences on marine organisms and human wellbeing via consumption of polluted water. With a uniquely large surface area and abundant functionalities, graphene oxide adsorption offers a remediation solution for such wat...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/392 |
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| author | Wan Ting Tee Jasmine Chua Jia En Yong Billie Yan Zhang Hiew Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee |
| author_facet | Wan Ting Tee Jasmine Chua Jia En Yong Billie Yan Zhang Hiew Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee |
| author_sort | Wan Ting Tee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amitriptyline residue released into the aquatic ecosystem can have detrimental consequences on marine organisms and human wellbeing via consumption of polluted water. With a uniquely large surface area and abundant functionalities, graphene oxide adsorption offers a remediation solution for such water pollution. This study focused on synthesizing a novel graphene-based adsorbent via ice-templating of boron-doped graphene substrate. The batch adsorption performance of the as-synthesized adsorbent was explored by central composite design (CCD), while its potential large-scale application was evaluated with a packed-bed column study. The CCD optimized conditions of 12.5 mg dosage, 32 min adsorption time, 30 °C operating temperature and 70 ppm concentration produced the highest removal efficiency of 87.72%. The results of the packed-bed study indicated that continuous adsorption of amitriptyline was best performed at a graphene bed of 3.5 cm in height, with 100 ppm of the pharmaceutical solution flowing at 2 mL/min. Furthermore, the breakthrough curve was effectively portrayed by the Log Bohart–Adams model. The as-synthesized adsorbent showed a high regeneration potential using ethanol eluent via multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. The results suggest the boron-doped graphene adsorbent in packed-bed as a highly effective system to remediate amitriptyline in an aqueous environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f99ebfcafd3c423cbf81d5b07c91e8f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-f99ebfcafd3c423cbf81d5b07c91e8f12023-11-18T21:21:04ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-07-0110739210.3390/separations10070392Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed StudiesWan Ting Tee0Jasmine Chua1Jia En Yong2Billie Yan Zhang Hiew3Suyin Gan4Lai Yee Lee5Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya 62200, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, MalaysiaAmitriptyline residue released into the aquatic ecosystem can have detrimental consequences on marine organisms and human wellbeing via consumption of polluted water. With a uniquely large surface area and abundant functionalities, graphene oxide adsorption offers a remediation solution for such water pollution. This study focused on synthesizing a novel graphene-based adsorbent via ice-templating of boron-doped graphene substrate. The batch adsorption performance of the as-synthesized adsorbent was explored by central composite design (CCD), while its potential large-scale application was evaluated with a packed-bed column study. The CCD optimized conditions of 12.5 mg dosage, 32 min adsorption time, 30 °C operating temperature and 70 ppm concentration produced the highest removal efficiency of 87.72%. The results of the packed-bed study indicated that continuous adsorption of amitriptyline was best performed at a graphene bed of 3.5 cm in height, with 100 ppm of the pharmaceutical solution flowing at 2 mL/min. Furthermore, the breakthrough curve was effectively portrayed by the Log Bohart–Adams model. The as-synthesized adsorbent showed a high regeneration potential using ethanol eluent via multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. The results suggest the boron-doped graphene adsorbent in packed-bed as a highly effective system to remediate amitriptyline in an aqueous environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/392adsorptive removalamitriptylineboron-doped graphenecentral composite designpacked-bed adsorption |
| spellingShingle | Wan Ting Tee Jasmine Chua Jia En Yong Billie Yan Zhang Hiew Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies Separations adsorptive removal amitriptyline boron-doped graphene central composite design packed-bed adsorption |
| title | Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies |
| title_full | Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies |
| title_fullStr | Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies |
| title_short | Remediation of Amitriptyline Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Oxide: Process Optimization and Packed-Bed Studies |
| title_sort | remediation of amitriptyline pharmaceutical wastewater by heteroatom doped graphene oxide process optimization and packed bed studies |
| topic | adsorptive removal amitriptyline boron-doped graphene central composite design packed-bed adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/392 |
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