Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a thin surface film located at the interface between oceans and the atmosphere. In this study, three SML samplers—polycarbonate membrane (PC), glass plate (GP), and drum sampler (DS)—were used to collect microbiological DNA samples for molecular analysis. Among th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.696389/full |
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| author | Shu-Kuan Wong Shu-Kuan Wong Shotaro Suzuki Shotaro Suzuki Yingshun Cui Ryo Kaneko Kazuhiro Kogure Koji Hamasaki |
| author_facet | Shu-Kuan Wong Shu-Kuan Wong Shotaro Suzuki Shotaro Suzuki Yingshun Cui Ryo Kaneko Kazuhiro Kogure Koji Hamasaki |
| author_sort | Shu-Kuan Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a thin surface film located at the interface between oceans and the atmosphere. In this study, three SML samplers—polycarbonate membrane (PC), glass plate (GP), and drum sampler (DS)—were used to collect microbiological DNA samples for molecular analysis. Among the three samplers, DS only took half the time to sample the SML compared to GP while PC were able to sample the thinnest SML depth. Biological matter and distinct bacterial communities in the SML were apparent during low wind conditions in samples collected by three samplers. Signs of biological matter [transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and chlorophyll-a concentrations] depletion, and an increased similarity in the biological communities of the SML and underlying water (UW), were more pronounced during high wind speed conditions in samples collected by GP and DS. GP samples had lower biological matter enrichment than DS samples compared with UW. The depletion of biological matter in GP samples were more apparent during periods of high chl-a concentrations in the SML. In contrast, PC was able to consistently sample an SML community distinct from that of the UW, regardless of wind conditions. Bacterial community DNA samples obtained by the three SML samplers showed relatively consistent patterns of community structure, despite large fluctuations between seasons (summer vs. winter) and layers (SML vs. UW) being observed. Although no SML-specific taxon was detected in this study, a comparison of the representation of taxonomic groups in each sample suggested that certain taxa (15 orders) were specifically enriched or depleted in the SML, especially taxa belonging to Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteria, and Proteobacteria. This trend was consistent regardless of sampling method, implying that these bacterial groups are key taxa in the biogeochemical processes occurring at the air-sea interface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:14:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9bf92fec3a641c7809ed50d30a95ea4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:14:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9bf92fec3a641c7809ed50d30a95ea42022-12-21T22:52:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-06-01810.3389/fmars.2021.696389696389Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface MicrolayerShu-Kuan Wong0Shu-Kuan Wong1Shotaro Suzuki2Shotaro Suzuki3Yingshun Cui4Ryo Kaneko5Kazuhiro Kogure6Koji Hamasaki7Department of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanNational Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, JapanDepartment of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanFisheries and Marine Science Research Centre, Fukushima Prefectural Government, Iwaki-shi, JapanCell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South KoreaNational Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, JapanUniversity of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, JapanDepartment of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, JapanThe sea surface microlayer (SML) is a thin surface film located at the interface between oceans and the atmosphere. In this study, three SML samplers—polycarbonate membrane (PC), glass plate (GP), and drum sampler (DS)—were used to collect microbiological DNA samples for molecular analysis. Among the three samplers, DS only took half the time to sample the SML compared to GP while PC were able to sample the thinnest SML depth. Biological matter and distinct bacterial communities in the SML were apparent during low wind conditions in samples collected by three samplers. Signs of biological matter [transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and chlorophyll-a concentrations] depletion, and an increased similarity in the biological communities of the SML and underlying water (UW), were more pronounced during high wind speed conditions in samples collected by GP and DS. GP samples had lower biological matter enrichment than DS samples compared with UW. The depletion of biological matter in GP samples were more apparent during periods of high chl-a concentrations in the SML. In contrast, PC was able to consistently sample an SML community distinct from that of the UW, regardless of wind conditions. Bacterial community DNA samples obtained by the three SML samplers showed relatively consistent patterns of community structure, despite large fluctuations between seasons (summer vs. winter) and layers (SML vs. UW) being observed. Although no SML-specific taxon was detected in this study, a comparison of the representation of taxonomic groups in each sample suggested that certain taxa (15 orders) were specifically enriched or depleted in the SML, especially taxa belonging to Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteria, and Proteobacteria. This trend was consistent regardless of sampling method, implying that these bacterial groups are key taxa in the biogeochemical processes occurring at the air-sea interface.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.696389/fullair-sea interactionbacterioneustontransparent exopolymer particlessea surface microlayerbacterial community |
| spellingShingle | Shu-Kuan Wong Shu-Kuan Wong Shotaro Suzuki Shotaro Suzuki Yingshun Cui Ryo Kaneko Kazuhiro Kogure Koji Hamasaki Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer Frontiers in Marine Science air-sea interaction bacterioneuston transparent exopolymer particles sea surface microlayer bacterial community |
| title | Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer |
| title_full | Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer |
| title_fullStr | Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer |
| title_short | Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer |
| title_sort | sampling constraints and variability in the analysis of bacterial community structures in the sea surface microlayer |
| topic | air-sea interaction bacterioneuston transparent exopolymer particles sea surface microlayer bacterial community |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.696389/full |
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