Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2831 |
| _version_ | 1797510901860925440 |
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| author | Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina |
| author_facet | Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina |
| author_sort | Rafael Franco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>2B</sub> receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A<sub>2A</sub>R and A<sub>2B</sub>R ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:37:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:37:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce2023-11-22T22:47:23ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-10-011011283110.3390/cells10112831Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and ImmunotherapyRafael Franco0Rafael Rivas-Santisteban1Gemma Navarro2Irene Reyes-Resina3CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainCiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainCiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainCiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, SpainExtracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>2B</sub> receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A<sub>2A</sub>R and A<sub>2B</sub>R ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2831A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptorA<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptorclinical trialcarcinomametastaseschemoradiation |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Cells A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor clinical trial carcinoma metastases chemoradiation |
| title | Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | adenosine receptor antagonists to combat cancer and to boost anti cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy |
| topic | A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor clinical trial carcinoma metastases chemoradiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2831 |
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