Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation
The natural product Kochiae Fructus (KF) is the ripe fruit of <i>Kochia scoparia</i> (L.) Schrad and is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-fungal, and anti-pruritic effects. This study examined the anticancer effect of components of KF to assess its potential as an adju...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1300 |
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| author | Youn-Sook Kim Jin-Choon Lee Minhyung Lee Hae-Jin Oh Won G. An Eui-Suk Sung |
| author_facet | Youn-Sook Kim Jin-Choon Lee Minhyung Lee Hae-Jin Oh Won G. An Eui-Suk Sung |
| author_sort | Youn-Sook Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The natural product Kochiae Fructus (KF) is the ripe fruit of <i>Kochia scoparia</i> (L.) Schrad and is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-fungal, and anti-pruritic effects. This study examined the anticancer effect of components of KF to assess its potential as an adjuvant for cancer treatment. Network-based pharmacological and docking analyses of KF found associations with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The molecular docking of oleanolic acid (OA) with LC3 and SQSTM1 had high binding scores, and hydrogen binding with amino acids of the receptors suggests that OA is involved in autophagy, rather than the apoptosis pathway. For experimental validation, we exposed SCC-15 squamous carcinoma cells derived from a human tongue lesion to KF extract (KFE), OA, and cisplatin. The KFE caused SCC-15 cell death, and induced an accumulation of the autophagy marker proteins LC3 and p62/SQSTM1. The novelty of this study lies in the discovery that the change in autophagy protein levels can be related to the regulatory death of SCC-15 cells. These findings suggest that KF is a promising candidate for future studies to provide insight into the role of autophagy in cancer cells and advance our understanding of cancer prevention and treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:15:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9e00d166ccc49f78bc21354831e81c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:15:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9e00d166ccc49f78bc21354831e81c52023-11-18T11:17:24ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-05-01136130010.3390/life13061300Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental ValidationYoun-Sook Kim0Jin-Choon Lee1Minhyung Lee2Hae-Jin Oh3Won G. An4Eui-Suk Sung5Research Institute for Longevity and Well-Being, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaThe natural product Kochiae Fructus (KF) is the ripe fruit of <i>Kochia scoparia</i> (L.) Schrad and is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-fungal, and anti-pruritic effects. This study examined the anticancer effect of components of KF to assess its potential as an adjuvant for cancer treatment. Network-based pharmacological and docking analyses of KF found associations with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The molecular docking of oleanolic acid (OA) with LC3 and SQSTM1 had high binding scores, and hydrogen binding with amino acids of the receptors suggests that OA is involved in autophagy, rather than the apoptosis pathway. For experimental validation, we exposed SCC-15 squamous carcinoma cells derived from a human tongue lesion to KF extract (KFE), OA, and cisplatin. The KFE caused SCC-15 cell death, and induced an accumulation of the autophagy marker proteins LC3 and p62/SQSTM1. The novelty of this study lies in the discovery that the change in autophagy protein levels can be related to the regulatory death of SCC-15 cells. These findings suggest that KF is a promising candidate for future studies to provide insight into the role of autophagy in cancer cells and advance our understanding of cancer prevention and treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1300natural productoral squamous cell carcinomaKochiae Fructusnetwork-based pharmacological analysismolecular docking analysisautophagy |
| spellingShingle | Youn-Sook Kim Jin-Choon Lee Minhyung Lee Hae-Jin Oh Won G. An Eui-Suk Sung Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation Life natural product oral squamous cell carcinoma Kochiae Fructus network-based pharmacological analysis molecular docking analysis autophagy |
| title | Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation |
| title_full | Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation |
| title_fullStr | Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation |
| title_short | Discovering Potential Anti-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mechanisms from Kochiae Fructus Using Network-Based Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation |
| title_sort | discovering potential anti oral squamous cell carcinoma mechanisms from kochiae fructus using network based pharmacology analysis and experimental validation |
| topic | natural product oral squamous cell carcinoma Kochiae Fructus network-based pharmacological analysis molecular docking analysis autophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1300 |
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