Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals
The pipeline flow behavior of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was investigated over the CNC concentration range of 0.24 to 3.65 wt% in different diameter pipelines. The CNC suspensions were Newtonian below the CNC concentration of 1 wt%. At higher concentrations, the CNC suspensions wer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/8/10/275 |
| _version_ | 1797573940429717504 |
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| author | Saumay Kinra Rajinder Pal |
| author_facet | Saumay Kinra Rajinder Pal |
| author_sort | Saumay Kinra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pipeline flow behavior of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was investigated over the CNC concentration range of 0.24 to 3.65 wt% in different diameter pipelines. The CNC suspensions were Newtonian below the CNC concentration of 1 wt%. At higher concentrations, the CNC suspensions were non-Newtonian power-law fluids. For Newtonian CNC suspensions, the experimental friction factor–Reynolds number data were obtained only in the turbulent regime, and the data followed the Blasius equation closely. For power-law CNC suspensions, the experimental data of friction factor–Reynolds number covered both laminar and turbulent regimes. The experimental data followed the friction factor–Reynolds number relationships for power-law fluids reasonably well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:16:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f9e79a43fed4496ba9d6b33008a05608 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:16:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-f9e79a43fed4496ba9d6b33008a056082023-11-19T16:28:34ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212023-10-0181027510.3390/fluids8100275Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose NanocrystalsSaumay Kinra0Rajinder Pal1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaThe pipeline flow behavior of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was investigated over the CNC concentration range of 0.24 to 3.65 wt% in different diameter pipelines. The CNC suspensions were Newtonian below the CNC concentration of 1 wt%. At higher concentrations, the CNC suspensions were non-Newtonian power-law fluids. For Newtonian CNC suspensions, the experimental friction factor–Reynolds number data were obtained only in the turbulent regime, and the data followed the Blasius equation closely. For power-law CNC suspensions, the experimental data of friction factor–Reynolds number covered both laminar and turbulent regimes. The experimental data followed the friction factor–Reynolds number relationships for power-law fluids reasonably well.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/8/10/275nanocrystalsnanocrystalline cellulosepipe flowpipelinefriction factorpressure drop |
| spellingShingle | Saumay Kinra Rajinder Pal Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals Fluids nanocrystals nanocrystalline cellulose pipe flow pipeline friction factor pressure drop |
| title | Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals |
| title_full | Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals |
| title_fullStr | Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals |
| title_short | Pipe Flow of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals |
| title_sort | pipe flow of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals |
| topic | nanocrystals nanocrystalline cellulose pipe flow pipeline friction factor pressure drop |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/8/10/275 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saumaykinra pipeflowofsuspensionsofcellulosenanocrystals AT rajinderpal pipeflowofsuspensionsofcellulosenanocrystals |