Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages
Huanjiang mini-pig is an indigenous pig breed in China; however, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) levels for this pig breed during different growth stages has not been standardized yet. This study investigated the effects of different CP levels on diarrhea incidence, immunity, and intestinal b...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.908753/full |
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| author | Yating Liu Yating Liu Md. Abul Kalam Azad Xichen Zhao Qian Zhu Qian Zhu Xiangfeng Kong Xiangfeng Kong |
| author_facet | Yating Liu Yating Liu Md. Abul Kalam Azad Xichen Zhao Qian Zhu Qian Zhu Xiangfeng Kong Xiangfeng Kong |
| author_sort | Yating Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Huanjiang mini-pig is an indigenous pig breed in China; however, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) levels for this pig breed during different growth stages has not been standardized yet. This study investigated the effects of different CP levels on diarrhea incidence, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in pigs. A total of 360 Huanjiang mini-pigs were assigned to three independent trials and fed the following CP diets: 5−10 kg stage, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22%; 10−20 kg stage, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% and 20−30 kg stage, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18%. In the 5−10 kg stage, the 22%; diet increased the plasma IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations compared to the 14−20% diets and decreased IL-10 and TGF-β; however, these results were fluctuated in the later stages, including the decrease of IL-1β and IL-8 in the 20% group, TNF-α in the 18−20% groups, and the increase of IFN-γ in the 20% group at the 10−20 kg stage and the decrease of TNF-α in the 16% group at the 20−30 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the jejunal and ileal IL-10 concentration compared to the 14% diet at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as in the 16% diet compared to the 12% diet at the 10−20 kg stage. In addition, ileal IL-10 concentration was increased in the 16% diet compared to the 10, 12, and 18% diets at the 20−30 kg stage. Furthermore, the 18% diet at the 5−10 kg stage and the 16% diet at the 10−20 kg stage decreased jejunal IL-6 expression, whereas the 20% diet increased the TNF-α and IFN-γ at the 5−10 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the Claudin, Occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, Mucin-1, and Mucin-20 expressions at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as TLR-2, TLR-4, and NF-κB in the 22 and 20% diets at the 5−10 and 10−20 kg stages, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest optimal dietary CP levels of 16, 14, and 12% for Huanjiang mini-pigs during the 5−10, 10−20, and 20−30 kg growth stages, respectively; and provide the guiding significance of dietary CP levels for Huanjiang mini-pigs during different growth stages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:36:34Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:36:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f9f4bd4dae724bcc90cd764921a071a32022-12-22T02:43:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-07-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.908753908753Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth StagesYating Liu0Yating Liu1Md. Abul Kalam Azad2Xichen Zhao3Qian Zhu4Qian Zhu5Xiangfeng Kong6Xiangfeng Kong7Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaHuanjiang mini-pig is an indigenous pig breed in China; however, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) levels for this pig breed during different growth stages has not been standardized yet. This study investigated the effects of different CP levels on diarrhea incidence, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in pigs. A total of 360 Huanjiang mini-pigs were assigned to three independent trials and fed the following CP diets: 5−10 kg stage, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22%; 10−20 kg stage, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% and 20−30 kg stage, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18%. In the 5−10 kg stage, the 22%; diet increased the plasma IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations compared to the 14−20% diets and decreased IL-10 and TGF-β; however, these results were fluctuated in the later stages, including the decrease of IL-1β and IL-8 in the 20% group, TNF-α in the 18−20% groups, and the increase of IFN-γ in the 20% group at the 10−20 kg stage and the decrease of TNF-α in the 16% group at the 20−30 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the jejunal and ileal IL-10 concentration compared to the 14% diet at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as in the 16% diet compared to the 12% diet at the 10−20 kg stage. In addition, ileal IL-10 concentration was increased in the 16% diet compared to the 10, 12, and 18% diets at the 20−30 kg stage. Furthermore, the 18% diet at the 5−10 kg stage and the 16% diet at the 10−20 kg stage decreased jejunal IL-6 expression, whereas the 20% diet increased the TNF-α and IFN-γ at the 5−10 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the Claudin, Occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, Mucin-1, and Mucin-20 expressions at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as TLR-2, TLR-4, and NF-κB in the 22 and 20% diets at the 5−10 and 10−20 kg stages, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest optimal dietary CP levels of 16, 14, and 12% for Huanjiang mini-pigs during the 5−10, 10−20, and 20−30 kg growth stages, respectively; and provide the guiding significance of dietary CP levels for Huanjiang mini-pigs during different growth stages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.908753/fulldiarrheadietary crude proteinhuanjiang mini-pigsimmunityintestinal barrier function |
| spellingShingle | Yating Liu Yating Liu Md. Abul Kalam Azad Xichen Zhao Qian Zhu Qian Zhu Xiangfeng Kong Xiangfeng Kong Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages Frontiers in Immunology diarrhea dietary crude protein huanjiang mini-pigs immunity intestinal barrier function |
| title | Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages |
| title_full | Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages |
| title_short | Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages |
| title_sort | dietary crude protein levels alter diarrhea incidence immunity and intestinal barrier function of huanjiang mini pigs during different growth stages |
| topic | diarrhea dietary crude protein huanjiang mini-pigs immunity intestinal barrier function |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.908753/full |
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