Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure
Obesity has been associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), but the results are inconsistent. Recently, a subgroup of obese individuals with good metabolic profiles were suggested to have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight individuals with metabolic diseases. The relationships be...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/5/2066 |
| _version_ | 1797614992602693632 |
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| author | Younhea Jung Gyoung Nyun Kim Eun Byeol Oh Kyoung Ohn Jung Il Moon |
| author_facet | Younhea Jung Gyoung Nyun Kim Eun Byeol Oh Kyoung Ohn Jung Il Moon |
| author_sort | Younhea Jung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity has been associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), but the results are inconsistent. Recently, a subgroup of obese individuals with good metabolic profiles were suggested to have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight individuals with metabolic diseases. The relationships between IOP and different combinations of obesity and metabolic health status have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the IOP among groups with different combinations of obesity status and metabolic health status. We examined 20,385 adults aged 19 to 85 years at the Health Promotion Center of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between May 2015 and April 2016. Individuals were categorized into four groups according to obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and metabolic health status (defined based on prior medical history or abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high fasting blood glucose levels upon medical examination). ANOVA and ANCOVA were performed to compare the IOP among the subgroups. The IOP of the metabolically unhealthy obese group (14.38 ± 0.06 mmHg) was the highest, followed by that of the metabolically unhealthy normal-weight group (MUNW, 14.22 ± 0.08 mmHg), then, the metabolically healthy groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001; 13.50 ± 0.05 mmHg and 13.06 ± 0.03 mmHg in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically healthy normal-weight groups, respectively). Subjects who were metabolically unhealthy showed higher IOP compared to their counterparts who were metabolically healthy at all BMI levels, and there was a linear increase in IOP as the number of metabolic disease components increased, but no difference between normal-weight vs. obese individuals. While obesity, metabolic health status, and each component of metabolic disease were associated with higher IOP, those who were MUNW showed higher IOP than those who were MHO, which indicates that metabolic status has a greater impact than obesity on IOP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:20:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa01b4948d414a879ca4cb8957234d1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:20:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa01b4948d414a879ca4cb8957234d1d2023-11-17T08:02:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-03-01125206610.3390/jcm12052066Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular PressureYounhea Jung0Gyoung Nyun Kim1Eun Byeol Oh2Kyoung Ohn3Jung Il Moon4Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of KoreaHealth Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of KoreaObesity has been associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), but the results are inconsistent. Recently, a subgroup of obese individuals with good metabolic profiles were suggested to have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight individuals with metabolic diseases. The relationships between IOP and different combinations of obesity and metabolic health status have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the IOP among groups with different combinations of obesity status and metabolic health status. We examined 20,385 adults aged 19 to 85 years at the Health Promotion Center of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between May 2015 and April 2016. Individuals were categorized into four groups according to obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and metabolic health status (defined based on prior medical history or abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high fasting blood glucose levels upon medical examination). ANOVA and ANCOVA were performed to compare the IOP among the subgroups. The IOP of the metabolically unhealthy obese group (14.38 ± 0.06 mmHg) was the highest, followed by that of the metabolically unhealthy normal-weight group (MUNW, 14.22 ± 0.08 mmHg), then, the metabolically healthy groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001; 13.50 ± 0.05 mmHg and 13.06 ± 0.03 mmHg in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically healthy normal-weight groups, respectively). Subjects who were metabolically unhealthy showed higher IOP compared to their counterparts who were metabolically healthy at all BMI levels, and there was a linear increase in IOP as the number of metabolic disease components increased, but no difference between normal-weight vs. obese individuals. While obesity, metabolic health status, and each component of metabolic disease were associated with higher IOP, those who were MUNW showed higher IOP than those who were MHO, which indicates that metabolic status has a greater impact than obesity on IOP.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/5/2066metabolic syndromeobesityintraocular pressuremetabolically unhealthy normal-weightmetabolically healthy obese |
| spellingShingle | Younhea Jung Gyoung Nyun Kim Eun Byeol Oh Kyoung Ohn Jung Il Moon Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure Journal of Clinical Medicine metabolic syndrome obesity intraocular pressure metabolically unhealthy normal-weight metabolically healthy obese |
| title | Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure |
| title_full | Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure |
| title_short | Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure |
| title_sort | metabolic health obesity and intraocular pressure |
| topic | metabolic syndrome obesity intraocular pressure metabolically unhealthy normal-weight metabolically healthy obese |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/5/2066 |
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