Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i>
Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In <i>Apis mellifera</i>, behavior...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/10/895 |
| _version_ | 1797514318252605440 |
|---|---|
| author | Diego Silva Ricardo Ceballos Nolberto Arismendi Anne Dalmon Marisol Vargas |
| author_facet | Diego Silva Ricardo Ceballos Nolberto Arismendi Anne Dalmon Marisol Vargas |
| author_sort | Diego Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In <i>Apis mellifera</i>, behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants. In particular, it has been shown that variant A of DWV (DWV-A) is capable of altering the ultra-cellular structure associated with olfactory activity. In this study was evaluated olfactory sensitivity and the expression of OBP genes in honey bees inoculated with DWV-A. Electroantennographic analyses (EAG) were carried out to determine the olfactory sensitivity to the essential oils <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> and <i>Mentha piperita</i>. The expression of nine antenna-specific OBP genes and DWV-A load in inoculated bees was also quantified by qPCR. We observed an inverse relationship between viral load and olfactory sensitivity and the expression of some OBP proteins. Thus, high viral loads reduced olfactory sensitivity to essential oils and the gene expression of the OBP2, OBP5, OBP11, and OBP12 proteins on the antennas of middle- and forager-age bees. These results suggest that DWV-A could have negative effects on the processes of aroma perception by worker bees, affecting their performance in tasks carried out in and outside the colony. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:30:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa0aca1165c34f80bac66c7c2f03f0c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:30:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa0aca1165c34f80bac66c7c2f03f0c02023-11-22T18:39:14ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-10-01121089510.3390/insects12100895Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i>Diego Silva0Ricardo Ceballos1Nolberto Arismendi2Anne Dalmon3Marisol Vargas4Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, ChileLaboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, ChileCentro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Picarte 1130–1160, Valdivia 5090000, ChileUnité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, INRAE, F-84000 Avignon, FranceLaboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, ChileInsects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In <i>Apis mellifera</i>, behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants. In particular, it has been shown that variant A of DWV (DWV-A) is capable of altering the ultra-cellular structure associated with olfactory activity. In this study was evaluated olfactory sensitivity and the expression of OBP genes in honey bees inoculated with DWV-A. Electroantennographic analyses (EAG) were carried out to determine the olfactory sensitivity to the essential oils <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> and <i>Mentha piperita</i>. The expression of nine antenna-specific OBP genes and DWV-A load in inoculated bees was also quantified by qPCR. We observed an inverse relationship between viral load and olfactory sensitivity and the expression of some OBP proteins. Thus, high viral loads reduced olfactory sensitivity to essential oils and the gene expression of the OBP2, OBP5, OBP11, and OBP12 proteins on the antennas of middle- and forager-age bees. These results suggest that DWV-A could have negative effects on the processes of aroma perception by worker bees, affecting their performance in tasks carried out in and outside the colony.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/10/895honey beesDWV-AOBPsantennaeolfactory responses |
| spellingShingle | Diego Silva Ricardo Ceballos Nolberto Arismendi Anne Dalmon Marisol Vargas Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> Insects honey bees DWV-A OBPs antennae olfactory responses |
| title | Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> |
| title_full | Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> |
| title_fullStr | Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> |
| title_short | Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of <i>Apis mellifera</i> |
| title_sort | variant a of the deformed wings virus alters the olfactory sensitivity and the expression of odorant binding proteins on antennas of i apis mellifera i |
| topic | honey bees DWV-A OBPs antennae olfactory responses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/10/895 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT diegosilva variantaofthedeformedwingsvirusalterstheolfactorysensitivityandtheexpressionofodorantbindingproteinsonantennasofiapismelliferai AT ricardoceballos variantaofthedeformedwingsvirusalterstheolfactorysensitivityandtheexpressionofodorantbindingproteinsonantennasofiapismelliferai AT nolbertoarismendi variantaofthedeformedwingsvirusalterstheolfactorysensitivityandtheexpressionofodorantbindingproteinsonantennasofiapismelliferai AT annedalmon variantaofthedeformedwingsvirusalterstheolfactorysensitivityandtheexpressionofodorantbindingproteinsonantennasofiapismelliferai AT marisolvargas variantaofthedeformedwingsvirusalterstheolfactorysensitivityandtheexpressionofodorantbindingproteinsonantennasofiapismelliferai |