Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array
CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated genes) is a type of prokaryotic immune system that is unique in its ability to provide sequence-specific adaptive protection, which can be updated in response to new threats. CRISPR-Cas does this by storing f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664299/full |
| _version_ | 1818726410436476928 |
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| author | Sandra C. Garrett |
| author_facet | Sandra C. Garrett |
| author_sort | Sandra C. Garrett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated genes) is a type of prokaryotic immune system that is unique in its ability to provide sequence-specific adaptive protection, which can be updated in response to new threats. CRISPR-Cas does this by storing fragments of DNA from invading genetic elements in an array interspersed with short repeats. The CRISPR array can be continuously updated through integration of new DNA fragments (termed spacers) at one end, but over time existing spacers become obsolete. To optimize immunity, spacer uptake, residency, and loss must be regulated. This mini-review summarizes what is known about how spacers are organized, maintained, and lost from CRISPR arrays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:57:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa13d20c79d644d7b54a6fa2b1895379 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:57:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa13d20c79d644d7b54a6fa2b18953792022-12-21T21:31:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-04-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.664299664299Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR ArraySandra C. GarrettCRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated genes) is a type of prokaryotic immune system that is unique in its ability to provide sequence-specific adaptive protection, which can be updated in response to new threats. CRISPR-Cas does this by storing fragments of DNA from invading genetic elements in an array interspersed with short repeats. The CRISPR array can be continuously updated through integration of new DNA fragments (termed spacers) at one end, but over time existing spacers become obsolete. To optimize immunity, spacer uptake, residency, and loss must be regulated. This mini-review summarizes what is known about how spacers are organized, maintained, and lost from CRISPR arrays.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664299/fulladaptationspacer acquisitionrepeatarrayCRISPRspacer deletion |
| spellingShingle | Sandra C. Garrett Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array Frontiers in Microbiology adaptation spacer acquisition repeat array CRISPR spacer deletion |
| title | Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array |
| title_full | Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array |
| title_fullStr | Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array |
| title_short | Pruning and Tending Immune Memories: Spacer Dynamics in the CRISPR Array |
| title_sort | pruning and tending immune memories spacer dynamics in the crispr array |
| topic | adaptation spacer acquisition repeat array CRISPR spacer deletion |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664299/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sandracgarrett pruningandtendingimmunememoriesspacerdynamicsinthecrisprarray |