Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
Ram air–based thermal management systems (TMS) are investigated herein for the cooling of future hybrid-electric aircraft. The developed TMS model consists of all components required to estimate the impacts of mass, drag, and fuel burn on the aircraft, including heat exchangers, coldplates, ducts, p...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/8/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1797543812529127424 |
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| author | Hagen Kellermann Michael Lüdemann Markus Pohl Mirko Hornung |
| author_facet | Hagen Kellermann Michael Lüdemann Markus Pohl Mirko Hornung |
| author_sort | Hagen Kellermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ram air–based thermal management systems (TMS) are investigated herein for the cooling of future hybrid-electric aircraft. The developed TMS model consists of all components required to estimate the impacts of mass, drag, and fuel burn on the aircraft, including heat exchangers, coldplates, ducts, pumps, and fans. To gain a better understanding of the TMS, one- and multi-dimensional system sensitivity analyses were conducted. The observations were used to aid with the numerical optimization of a ram air–based TMS towards the minimum fuel burn of a 180-passenger short-range partial-turboelectric aircraft with a power split of up to 30% electric power. The TMS was designed for the conditions at the top of the climb. For an aircraft with the maximum power split, the additional fuel burn caused by the TMS is 0.19%. Conditions occurring at a hot-day takeoff represent the most challenging off-design conditions for TMS. Steady-state cooling of all electric components with the designed TMS is possible during a hot-day takeoff if a small puller fan is utilized. Omitting the puller fan and instead oversizing the TMS is an alternative, but the fuel burn increase on aircraft level grows to 0.29%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa1481db1b0a4907ba76528450f08ac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa1481db1b0a4907ba76528450f08ac22023-11-21T02:10:15ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102020-12-0181310.3390/aerospace8010003Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric AircraftHagen Kellermann0Michael Lüdemann1Markus Pohl2Mirko Hornung3Bauhaus Luftfahrt e. V., Willy-Messerschmitt Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, GermanyBauhaus Luftfahrt e. V., Willy-Messerschmitt Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, GermanyInstitute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, GermanyBauhaus Luftfahrt e. V., Willy-Messerschmitt Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, GermanyRam air–based thermal management systems (TMS) are investigated herein for the cooling of future hybrid-electric aircraft. The developed TMS model consists of all components required to estimate the impacts of mass, drag, and fuel burn on the aircraft, including heat exchangers, coldplates, ducts, pumps, and fans. To gain a better understanding of the TMS, one- and multi-dimensional system sensitivity analyses were conducted. The observations were used to aid with the numerical optimization of a ram air–based TMS towards the minimum fuel burn of a 180-passenger short-range partial-turboelectric aircraft with a power split of up to 30% electric power. The TMS was designed for the conditions at the top of the climb. For an aircraft with the maximum power split, the additional fuel burn caused by the TMS is 0.19%. Conditions occurring at a hot-day takeoff represent the most challenging off-design conditions for TMS. Steady-state cooling of all electric components with the designed TMS is possible during a hot-day takeoff if a small puller fan is utilized. Omitting the puller fan and instead oversizing the TMS is an alternative, but the fuel burn increase on aircraft level grows to 0.29%.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/8/1/3thermal managementhybrid-electric aircraftram air–based coolingcompact heat exchangersmeredith effect |
| spellingShingle | Hagen Kellermann Michael Lüdemann Markus Pohl Mirko Hornung Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Aerospace thermal management hybrid-electric aircraft ram air–based cooling compact heat exchangers meredith effect |
| title | Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft |
| title_full | Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft |
| title_fullStr | Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft |
| title_short | Design and Optimization of Ram Air–Based Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft |
| title_sort | design and optimization of ram air based thermal management systems for hybrid electric aircraft |
| topic | thermal management hybrid-electric aircraft ram air–based cooling compact heat exchangers meredith effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/8/1/3 |
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