HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules
Abstract The HIV-1 capsid, a conical shell encasing viral nucleoprotein complexes, is involved in multiple post-entry processes during viral replication. Many host factors can directly bind to the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) and either promote or prevent HIV-1 infection. The viral capsid is currently...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Retrovirology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-021-00577-x |
| _version_ | 1819118348853575680 |
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| author | Akatsuki Saito Masahiro Yamashita |
| author_facet | Akatsuki Saito Masahiro Yamashita |
| author_sort | Akatsuki Saito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The HIV-1 capsid, a conical shell encasing viral nucleoprotein complexes, is involved in multiple post-entry processes during viral replication. Many host factors can directly bind to the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) and either promote or prevent HIV-1 infection. The viral capsid is currently being explored as a novel target for therapeutic interventions. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the capsid–host interactions and mechanisms of action of capsid-targeting antivirals. At the same time, a large number of different viral capsids, which derive from many HIV-1 mutants, naturally occurring variants, or diverse lentiviruses, have been characterized for their interactions with capsid-binding molecules in great detail utilizing various experimental techniques. This review provides an overview of how sequence variation in CA influences phenotypic properties of HIV-1. We will focus on sequence differences that alter capsid–host interactions and give a brief account of drug resistant mutations in CA and their mutational effects on viral phenotypes. Increased knowledge of the sequence-function relationship of CA helps us deepen our understanding of the adaptive potential of the viral capsid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:47:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa18811bd88d4636aedcb03a0b52614d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-4690 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:47:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Retrovirology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa18811bd88d4636aedcb03a0b52614d2022-12-21T18:36:59ZengBMCRetrovirology1742-46902021-10-0118112610.1186/s12977-021-00577-xHIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding moleculesAkatsuki Saito0Masahiro Yamashita1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of MiyazakiAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsAbstract The HIV-1 capsid, a conical shell encasing viral nucleoprotein complexes, is involved in multiple post-entry processes during viral replication. Many host factors can directly bind to the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) and either promote or prevent HIV-1 infection. The viral capsid is currently being explored as a novel target for therapeutic interventions. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the capsid–host interactions and mechanisms of action of capsid-targeting antivirals. At the same time, a large number of different viral capsids, which derive from many HIV-1 mutants, naturally occurring variants, or diverse lentiviruses, have been characterized for their interactions with capsid-binding molecules in great detail utilizing various experimental techniques. This review provides an overview of how sequence variation in CA influences phenotypic properties of HIV-1. We will focus on sequence differences that alter capsid–host interactions and give a brief account of drug resistant mutations in CA and their mutational effects on viral phenotypes. Increased knowledge of the sequence-function relationship of CA helps us deepen our understanding of the adaptive potential of the viral capsid.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-021-00577-xHIV-1LentivirusesCapsidHost factorsInhibitorsSequence variation |
| spellingShingle | Akatsuki Saito Masahiro Yamashita HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules Retrovirology HIV-1 Lentiviruses Capsid Host factors Inhibitors Sequence variation |
| title | HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules |
| title_full | HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules |
| title_fullStr | HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules |
| title_short | HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules |
| title_sort | hiv 1 capsid variability viral exploitation and evasion of capsid binding molecules |
| topic | HIV-1 Lentiviruses Capsid Host factors Inhibitors Sequence variation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-021-00577-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akatsukisaito hiv1capsidvariabilityviralexploitationandevasionofcapsidbindingmolecules AT masahiroyamashita hiv1capsidvariabilityviralexploitationandevasionofcapsidbindingmolecules |