Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing
Heavy metals are chemical contaminants, toxic, potentially carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, stable, persistent and are of concern in the food chain. The risk to the consumer of the presence of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in five varieties (Bourbon,...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/17/3254 |
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| author | Grobert A. Guadalupe Segundo G. Chavez Erick Arellanos Eva Doménech |
| author_facet | Grobert A. Guadalupe Segundo G. Chavez Erick Arellanos Eva Doménech |
| author_sort | Grobert A. Guadalupe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metals are chemical contaminants, toxic, potentially carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, stable, persistent and are of concern in the food chain. The risk to the consumer of the presence of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in five varieties (Bourbon, Típica, Catimor, Caturra and Pache) of parchment coffee from five regions (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco and San Martín) was investigated in this study. A predictive model of the stages of coffee bean hulling, roasting and infusion was built to simulate the process. The results by region showed significant differences in which San Martín had the highest iAs, Cr and Pb values. The variety was only significant for Cr, of which Pache presented the highest concentration. The Cd and Hg values were below the detection limits. The hazard index (HI) was less than 1 for iAs, Cd, Cr and Hg and the combination of margin of exposure and the probability of exceedance (MOE-POE) for Pb indicated that an adverse health effect was not likely. The cancer risk (CR) for iAs and Pb in the 95th percentile was considered as both high and acceptable, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:24:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa1ca41c35bc4eda92d1573722df33fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:24:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa1ca41c35bc4eda92d1573722df33fc2023-11-19T08:09:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-08-011217325410.3390/foods12173254Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and ProcessingGrobert A. Guadalupe0Segundo G. Chavez1Erick Arellanos2Eva Doménech3Instituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruInstituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruInstituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental (INAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruInstituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainHeavy metals are chemical contaminants, toxic, potentially carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, stable, persistent and are of concern in the food chain. The risk to the consumer of the presence of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in five varieties (Bourbon, Típica, Catimor, Caturra and Pache) of parchment coffee from five regions (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco and San Martín) was investigated in this study. A predictive model of the stages of coffee bean hulling, roasting and infusion was built to simulate the process. The results by region showed significant differences in which San Martín had the highest iAs, Cr and Pb values. The variety was only significant for Cr, of which Pache presented the highest concentration. The Cd and Hg values were below the detection limits. The hazard index (HI) was less than 1 for iAs, Cd, Cr and Hg and the combination of margin of exposure and the probability of exceedance (MOE-POE) for Pb indicated that an adverse health effect was not likely. The cancer risk (CR) for iAs and Pb in the 95th percentile was considered as both high and acceptable, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/17/3254chemical contaminantsconsumer exposureprobabilistic approachrisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Grobert A. Guadalupe Segundo G. Chavez Erick Arellanos Eva Doménech Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing Foods chemical contaminants consumer exposure probabilistic approach risk assessment |
| title | Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing |
| title_full | Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing |
| title_fullStr | Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing |
| title_short | Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing |
| title_sort | probabilistic risk characterization of heavy metals in peruvian coffee implications of variety region and processing |
| topic | chemical contaminants consumer exposure probabilistic approach risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/17/3254 |
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