Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter
Antibiotics changed medical practice by significantly decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infection. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world. There is global concern about the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects both...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668/full |
| _version_ | 1811296112342990848 |
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| author | Sameer Dhingra Nor Azlina A. Rahman Ed Peile Motiur Rahman Motiur Rahman Massimo Sartelli Mohamed Azmi Hassali Tariqul Islam Salequl Islam Mainul Haque |
| author_facet | Sameer Dhingra Nor Azlina A. Rahman Ed Peile Motiur Rahman Motiur Rahman Massimo Sartelli Mohamed Azmi Hassali Tariqul Islam Salequl Islam Mainul Haque |
| author_sort | Sameer Dhingra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotics changed medical practice by significantly decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infection. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world. There is global concern about the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects both developed and developing countries. AMR is a public health challenge with extensive health, economic, and societal implications. This paper sets AMR in context, starting with the history of antibiotics, including the discovery of penicillin and the golden era of antibiotics, before exploring the problems and challenges we now face due to AMR. Among the factors discussed is the low level of development of new antimicrobials and the irrational prescribing of antibiotics in developed and developing countries. A fundamental problem is the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotics among medical practitioners, and we explore this aspect in some depth, including a discussion on the KAP among medical students. We conclude with suggestions on how to address this public health threat, including recommendations on training medical students about antibiotics, and strategies to overcome the problems of irrational antibiotic prescribing and AMR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:43:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa1e930d33f64f63bc7bd8dca17f5be1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:43:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa1e930d33f64f63bc7bd8dca17f5be12022-12-22T03:00:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652020-11-01810.3389/fpubh.2020.535668535668Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to CounterSameer Dhingra0Nor Azlina A. Rahman1Ed Peile2Motiur Rahman3Motiur Rahman4Massimo Sartelli5Mohamed Azmi Hassali6Tariqul Islam7Salequl Islam8Mainul Haque9School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, ItalyThe Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, MalaysiaUChicago Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh0The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAntibiotics changed medical practice by significantly decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infection. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world. There is global concern about the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects both developed and developing countries. AMR is a public health challenge with extensive health, economic, and societal implications. This paper sets AMR in context, starting with the history of antibiotics, including the discovery of penicillin and the golden era of antibiotics, before exploring the problems and challenges we now face due to AMR. Among the factors discussed is the low level of development of new antimicrobials and the irrational prescribing of antibiotics in developed and developing countries. A fundamental problem is the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotics among medical practitioners, and we explore this aspect in some depth, including a discussion on the KAP among medical students. We conclude with suggestions on how to address this public health threat, including recommendations on training medical students about antibiotics, and strategies to overcome the problems of irrational antibiotic prescribing and AMR.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668/fullantibioticsantimicrobial resistanceAMRglobepublic healthhazard |
| spellingShingle | Sameer Dhingra Nor Azlina A. Rahman Ed Peile Motiur Rahman Motiur Rahman Massimo Sartelli Mohamed Azmi Hassali Tariqul Islam Salequl Islam Mainul Haque Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter Frontiers in Public Health antibiotics antimicrobial resistance AMR globe public health hazard |
| title | Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter |
| title_full | Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter |
| title_short | Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter |
| title_sort | microbial resistance movements an overview of global public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance and how best to counter |
| topic | antibiotics antimicrobial resistance AMR globe public health hazard |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668/full |
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