The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents
Background: As excessive caffeine intake may be associated with anxiety disorders, one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among adolescents globally, this study investigated the association between high caffeine consumption and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adoles...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/794 |
| _version_ | 1797239832968167424 |
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| author | Ji Ann Cho Soyeon Kim Haein Shin Hyunkyu Kim Eun-Cheol Park |
| author_facet | Ji Ann Cho Soyeon Kim Haein Shin Hyunkyu Kim Eun-Cheol Park |
| author_sort | Ji Ann Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: As excessive caffeine intake may be associated with anxiety disorders, one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among adolescents globally, this study investigated the association between high caffeine consumption and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents. Methods: 46,873 participants from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) 2022 were included. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms. Survey questions determined the number of times each participant consumed high-caffeine drinks per week. The chi-square test was used to investigate and compare the general characteristics of the study population, and a modified Poisson regression was used to analyze the relationship. Results: Both male and female participants reporting excessive high-caffeine drink consumption exhibited higher anxiety levels (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.31 in males; aPR: 1.14, CI: 1.05–1.23 in females). This association remained statistically significant in subgroup analyses, particularly among high school students and those with a shorter sleep duration. The relationship between high-caffeine drink consumption and anxiety strengthened with increasing anxiety levels. Additionally, there was a dose-dependent relationship between the prevalence of anxiety and high-caffeine drinks. Conclusion: High caffeine consumption increases anxiety in South Korean adolescents. This association proved consistent regardless of sex or other socioeconomic factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:57:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa27b541ce6b488ba0a91fa6a61778c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:57:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa27b541ce6b488ba0a91fa6a61778c72024-03-27T13:58:06ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-03-0116679410.3390/nu16060794The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean AdolescentsJi Ann Cho0Soyeon Kim1Haein Shin2Hyunkyu Kim3Eun-Cheol Park4Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaPremedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaPremedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaBackground: As excessive caffeine intake may be associated with anxiety disorders, one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among adolescents globally, this study investigated the association between high caffeine consumption and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents. Methods: 46,873 participants from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) 2022 were included. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms. Survey questions determined the number of times each participant consumed high-caffeine drinks per week. The chi-square test was used to investigate and compare the general characteristics of the study population, and a modified Poisson regression was used to analyze the relationship. Results: Both male and female participants reporting excessive high-caffeine drink consumption exhibited higher anxiety levels (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.31 in males; aPR: 1.14, CI: 1.05–1.23 in females). This association remained statistically significant in subgroup analyses, particularly among high school students and those with a shorter sleep duration. The relationship between high-caffeine drink consumption and anxiety strengthened with increasing anxiety levels. Additionally, there was a dose-dependent relationship between the prevalence of anxiety and high-caffeine drinks. Conclusion: High caffeine consumption increases anxiety in South Korean adolescents. This association proved consistent regardless of sex or other socioeconomic factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/794anxietycaffeinegeneral anxiety disorderKYRBS |
| spellingShingle | Ji Ann Cho Soyeon Kim Haein Shin Hyunkyu Kim Eun-Cheol Park The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents Nutrients anxiety caffeine general anxiety disorder KYRBS |
| title | The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents |
| title_full | The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents |
| title_fullStr | The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents |
| title_short | The Association between High-Caffeine Drink Consumption and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents |
| title_sort | association between high caffeine drink consumption and anxiety in korean adolescents |
| topic | anxiety caffeine general anxiety disorder KYRBS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/794 |
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