The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells
Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as we...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/2/117 |
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| author | Klaudia Ustianowska Łukasz Ustianowski Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Joanna Szostak Martyna Murawka Bartosz Szostak Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_facet | Klaudia Ustianowska Łukasz Ustianowski Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Joanna Szostak Martyna Murawka Bartosz Szostak Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_sort | Klaudia Ustianowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa387e6e21a04e99a73cc9415d3fbdf1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa387e6e21a04e99a73cc9415d3fbdf12024-01-29T13:50:08ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-01-0113211710.3390/cells13020117The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem CellsKlaudia Ustianowska0Łukasz Ustianowski1Estera Bakinowska2Kajetan Kiełbowski3Joanna Szostak4Martyna Murawka5Bartosz Szostak6Andrzej Pawlik7Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandPeriodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/2/117periodontitisgene polymorphismepigeneticsstem cellsextracellular vesicles |
| spellingShingle | Klaudia Ustianowska Łukasz Ustianowski Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Joanna Szostak Martyna Murawka Bartosz Szostak Andrzej Pawlik The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells Cells periodontitis gene polymorphism epigenetics stem cells extracellular vesicles |
| title | The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells |
| title_full | The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells |
| title_short | The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells |
| title_sort | genetic aspects of periodontitis pathogenesis and the regenerative properties of stem cells |
| topic | periodontitis gene polymorphism epigenetics stem cells extracellular vesicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/2/117 |
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