| Summary: | Vegetation, a key intermediary linking water, the atmosphere, and the ground, performs extremely important functions in nature and for our existence. Although satellite-based remote-sensing technologies have become important for monitoring vegetation dynamics, selecting the correct remote-sensing vegetation indicator has become paramount for such investigations. This study investigated the consistencies between a photosynthetic activity index (the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) indicator) and the traditional vegetation index (the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) among different land-cover types and in different seasons and explored the applicability of NDVI and SIF in different cases by comparing their performances in gross primary production (GPP) and grain-yield-monitoring applications. The vegetation cover and photosynthesis showed decreasing trends, which were mainly concentrated in northern Xinjiang and part of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; a decreasing trend was also identified in a small part of Northeast China. The correlations between NDVI and SIF were strong for all land-cover types except evergreen needleleaf forests and evergreen broadleaf forests. Compared with NDVI, SIF had some advantages when monitoring the GPP and grain yields among different land-cover types. For example, SIF could capture the effects of drought on GPP and grain yields better than NDVI. To summarize, as the temporal extent of the available SIF data is extended, SIF will certainly perform increasingly wide applications in agricultural-management research that is closely related to GPP and grain-yield monitoring.
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