Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill
Obtaining high levels of mechanical properties in steels is directly linked to the use of special mechanical forming processes and the addition of alloying elements during their manufacture. This work presents a study of a hot-rolled steel strip produced to achieve a yield strength above 600 MPa, us...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/405 |
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| author | Cleiton Arlindo Martins Geraldo Lúcio de Faria Unai Mayo Nerea Isasti Pello Uranga Jose Maria Rodríguez-Ibabe Altair Lúcio de Souza Jorge Adam Cleto Cohn Marcelo Arantes Rebellato Antônio Augusto Gorni |
| author_facet | Cleiton Arlindo Martins Geraldo Lúcio de Faria Unai Mayo Nerea Isasti Pello Uranga Jose Maria Rodríguez-Ibabe Altair Lúcio de Souza Jorge Adam Cleto Cohn Marcelo Arantes Rebellato Antônio Augusto Gorni |
| author_sort | Cleiton Arlindo Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obtaining high levels of mechanical properties in steels is directly linked to the use of special mechanical forming processes and the addition of alloying elements during their manufacture. This work presents a study of a hot-rolled steel strip produced to achieve a yield strength above 600 MPa, using a niobium microalloyed HSLA steel with non-stoichiometric titanium (titanium/nitrogen ratio above 3.42), and rolled on a Steckel mill. A major challenge imposed by rolling on a Steckel mill is that the process is reversible, resulting in long interpass times, which facilitates recrystallization and grain growth kinetics. Rolling parameters whose aim was to obtain the maximum degree of microstructural refinement were determined by considering microstructural evolution simulations performed in MicroSim-SM<sup>®</sup> software and studying the alloy through physical simulations to obtain critical temperatures and determine the CCT diagram. Four ranges of coiling temperatures (525–550 °C/550–600 °C/600–650 ° C/650–700 °C) were applied to evaluate their impact on microstructure, precipitation hardening, and mechanical properties, with the results showing a very refined microstructure, with the highest yield strength observed at coiling temperatures of 600–650 °C. This scenario is explained by the maximum precipitation of titanium carbide observed at this temperature, leading to a greater contribution of precipitation hardening provided by the presence of a large volume of small-sized precipitates. This paper shows that the combination of optimized industrial parameters based on metallurgical mechanisms and advanced modeling techniques opens up new possibilities for a robust production of high-strength steels using a Steckel mill. The microstructural base for a stable production of high-strength hot-rolled products relies on a consistent grain size refinement provided mainly by the effect of Nb together with appropriate rolling parameters, and the fine precipitation of TiC during cooling provides the additional increase to reach the requested yield strength values. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa51a316b90848419f0ec8ee3d633b0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa51a316b90848419f0ec8ee3d633b0a2023-11-16T22:08:51ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-02-0113240510.3390/met13020405Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel MillCleiton Arlindo Martins0Geraldo Lúcio de Faria1Unai Mayo2Nerea Isasti3Pello Uranga4Jose Maria Rodríguez-Ibabe5Altair Lúcio de Souza6Jorge Adam Cleto Cohn7Marcelo Arantes Rebellato8Antônio Augusto Gorni9Gerdau Ouro Branco, Rolling Mill, Ouro Branco 36420-000, Minas Gerais, BrazilMetallurgical and Materials Engineering Department (DEMET), Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Minas Gerais, BrazilCEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Materials and Manufacturing Division, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, SpainCEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Materials and Manufacturing Division, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, SpainCEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Materials and Manufacturing Division, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, SpainCEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Materials and Manufacturing Division, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, SpainGerdau Ouro Branco, Research and Development, Ouro Branco 36420-000, Minas Gerais, BrazilGerdau Ouro Branco, Research and Development, Ouro Branco 36420-000, Minas Gerais, BrazilCompanhia Brasileira de Mineração e Metalurgia, CBMM, Araxá 04538-133, Minas Gerais, BrazilCompanhia Brasileira de Mineração e Metalurgia, CBMM, Araxá 04538-133, Minas Gerais, BrazilObtaining high levels of mechanical properties in steels is directly linked to the use of special mechanical forming processes and the addition of alloying elements during their manufacture. This work presents a study of a hot-rolled steel strip produced to achieve a yield strength above 600 MPa, using a niobium microalloyed HSLA steel with non-stoichiometric titanium (titanium/nitrogen ratio above 3.42), and rolled on a Steckel mill. A major challenge imposed by rolling on a Steckel mill is that the process is reversible, resulting in long interpass times, which facilitates recrystallization and grain growth kinetics. Rolling parameters whose aim was to obtain the maximum degree of microstructural refinement were determined by considering microstructural evolution simulations performed in MicroSim-SM<sup>®</sup> software and studying the alloy through physical simulations to obtain critical temperatures and determine the CCT diagram. Four ranges of coiling temperatures (525–550 °C/550–600 °C/600–650 ° C/650–700 °C) were applied to evaluate their impact on microstructure, precipitation hardening, and mechanical properties, with the results showing a very refined microstructure, with the highest yield strength observed at coiling temperatures of 600–650 °C. This scenario is explained by the maximum precipitation of titanium carbide observed at this temperature, leading to a greater contribution of precipitation hardening provided by the presence of a large volume of small-sized precipitates. This paper shows that the combination of optimized industrial parameters based on metallurgical mechanisms and advanced modeling techniques opens up new possibilities for a robust production of high-strength steels using a Steckel mill. The microstructural base for a stable production of high-strength hot-rolled products relies on a consistent grain size refinement provided mainly by the effect of Nb together with appropriate rolling parameters, and the fine precipitation of TiC during cooling provides the additional increase to reach the requested yield strength values.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/405controlled rollingthermomechanical processingaccelerated coolinghigh-strength low-alloy steelsNb precipitationTiC precipitation |
| spellingShingle | Cleiton Arlindo Martins Geraldo Lúcio de Faria Unai Mayo Nerea Isasti Pello Uranga Jose Maria Rodríguez-Ibabe Altair Lúcio de Souza Jorge Adam Cleto Cohn Marcelo Arantes Rebellato Antônio Augusto Gorni Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill Metals controlled rolling thermomechanical processing accelerated cooling high-strength low-alloy steels Nb precipitation TiC precipitation |
| title | Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill |
| title_full | Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill |
| title_fullStr | Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill |
| title_short | Production of a Non-Stoichiometric Nb-Ti HSLA Steel by Thermomechanical Processing on a Steckel Mill |
| title_sort | production of a non stoichiometric nb ti hsla steel by thermomechanical processing on a steckel mill |
| topic | controlled rolling thermomechanical processing accelerated cooling high-strength low-alloy steels Nb precipitation TiC precipitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/405 |
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