Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation
Abstract The activation of host’s innate and adaptive immune systems can lead to acute and chronic graft rejection, which seriously impacts graft survival. Thus, it is particularly significant to clarify the immune signals, which are critical to the initiation and maintenance of rejection generated...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01377-9 |
| _version_ | 1797863438093910016 |
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| author | Qingwen Li Peixiang Lan |
| author_facet | Qingwen Li Peixiang Lan |
| author_sort | Qingwen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The activation of host’s innate and adaptive immune systems can lead to acute and chronic graft rejection, which seriously impacts graft survival. Thus, it is particularly significant to clarify the immune signals, which are critical to the initiation and maintenance of rejection generated after transplantation. The initiation of response to graft is dependent on sensing of danger and stranger molecules. The ischemia and reperfusion of grafts lead to cell stress or death, followed by releasing a variety of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host immune cells to activate intracellular immune signals and induce sterile inflammation. In addition to DAMPs, the graft exposed to ‘non-self’ antigens (stranger molecules) are recognized by the host immune system, stimulating a more intense immune response and further aggravating the graft damage. The polymorphism of MHC genes between different individuals is the key for host or donor immune cells to identify heterologous ‘non-self’ components in allogeneic and xenogeneic organ transplantation. The recognition of ‘non-self’ antigen by immune cells mediates the activation of immune signals between donor and host, resulting in adaptive memory immunity and innate trained immunity to the graft, which poses a challenge to the long-term survival of the graft. This review focuses on innate and adaptive immune cells receptor recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns, alloantigens and xenoantigens, which is described as danger model and stranger model. In this review, we also discuss the innate trained immunity in organ transplantation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:36:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa52eb336ecf41278a1bc658408be7c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-3635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:36:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa52eb336ecf41278a1bc658408be7c62023-03-22T12:30:27ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352023-03-018112610.1038/s41392-023-01377-9Activation of immune signals during organ transplantationQingwen Li0Peixiang Lan1Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyInstitute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract The activation of host’s innate and adaptive immune systems can lead to acute and chronic graft rejection, which seriously impacts graft survival. Thus, it is particularly significant to clarify the immune signals, which are critical to the initiation and maintenance of rejection generated after transplantation. The initiation of response to graft is dependent on sensing of danger and stranger molecules. The ischemia and reperfusion of grafts lead to cell stress or death, followed by releasing a variety of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host immune cells to activate intracellular immune signals and induce sterile inflammation. In addition to DAMPs, the graft exposed to ‘non-self’ antigens (stranger molecules) are recognized by the host immune system, stimulating a more intense immune response and further aggravating the graft damage. The polymorphism of MHC genes between different individuals is the key for host or donor immune cells to identify heterologous ‘non-self’ components in allogeneic and xenogeneic organ transplantation. The recognition of ‘non-self’ antigen by immune cells mediates the activation of immune signals between donor and host, resulting in adaptive memory immunity and innate trained immunity to the graft, which poses a challenge to the long-term survival of the graft. This review focuses on innate and adaptive immune cells receptor recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns, alloantigens and xenoantigens, which is described as danger model and stranger model. In this review, we also discuss the innate trained immunity in organ transplantation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01377-9 |
| spellingShingle | Qingwen Li Peixiang Lan Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy |
| title | Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| title_full | Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| title_fullStr | Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| title_short | Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| title_sort | activation of immune signals during organ transplantation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01377-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qingwenli activationofimmunesignalsduringorgantransplantation AT peixianglan activationofimmunesignalsduringorgantransplantation |