Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt
Background: Understanding the factors affecting humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential to predict their level of protection. Vaccination elicits antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S). Aim: To investigate the factors associated with th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/174 |
| _version_ | 1797476231306805248 |
|---|---|
| author | Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany Mona H. Hashish Shehata Farag Eman A. Omran Azza Galal Farghaly Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez Azzam |
| author_facet | Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany Mona H. Hashish Shehata Farag Eman A. Omran Azza Galal Farghaly Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez Azzam |
| author_sort | Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Understanding the factors affecting humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential to predict their level of protection. Vaccination elicits antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S). Aim: To investigate the factors associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies among vaccinated HCWs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 143 vaccinated HCWs, with or without a history of previous COVID-19 infection (clinically, radiologically, or by laboratory results) from different departments. Socio-demographic, clinical, as well as vaccine-related data, were recorded. Serum samples were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Results: Vaccination provoked an immunogenic response, where the overall anti-S positivity was 83.9% (95% CI: 77.8–90.0%). The response was not affected either by the age or gender of HCWs. Out of the 143 HCWs, 46 (32.1%; 95% CI: 24.4–39.9%) reported a previous history of COVID-19 infection, and seropositivity was significantly higher among them (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and it was associated with the frequency of infection (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and duration since diagnosis of COVID-19 infection (<i>p</i> = 0.065). They had higher median anti-S titers (111.8 RU/mL) than those without infection (39.8 RU/mL). Higher seropositivity was observed with Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (AZD1222) (88.9%; 95% CI: 83.1–95.0%) than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) (67.7%; 95% CI: 50.3–85.2%), and with receiving two doses of vaccine (92.3%; 95% CI: 87.1–97.5%). Conclusions: Antibody positivity was significantly affected by the previous history of COVID-19 infection, type of vaccine, the number of doses received, and duration since vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa53e89dfabf44f8b8b0a48cf51535d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa53e89dfabf44f8b8b0a48cf51535d62023-11-23T22:24:43ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-01-0110217410.3390/vaccines10020174Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in EgyptEngy Mohamed El-Ghitany0Mona H. Hashish1Shehata Farag2Eman A. Omran3Azza Galal Farghaly4Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez Azzam5Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptDepartment of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptDepartment of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, EgyptBackground: Understanding the factors affecting humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential to predict their level of protection. Vaccination elicits antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S). Aim: To investigate the factors associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies among vaccinated HCWs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 143 vaccinated HCWs, with or without a history of previous COVID-19 infection (clinically, radiologically, or by laboratory results) from different departments. Socio-demographic, clinical, as well as vaccine-related data, were recorded. Serum samples were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Results: Vaccination provoked an immunogenic response, where the overall anti-S positivity was 83.9% (95% CI: 77.8–90.0%). The response was not affected either by the age or gender of HCWs. Out of the 143 HCWs, 46 (32.1%; 95% CI: 24.4–39.9%) reported a previous history of COVID-19 infection, and seropositivity was significantly higher among them (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and it was associated with the frequency of infection (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and duration since diagnosis of COVID-19 infection (<i>p</i> = 0.065). They had higher median anti-S titers (111.8 RU/mL) than those without infection (39.8 RU/mL). Higher seropositivity was observed with Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (AZD1222) (88.9%; 95% CI: 83.1–95.0%) than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) (67.7%; 95% CI: 50.3–85.2%), and with receiving two doses of vaccine (92.3%; 95% CI: 87.1–97.5%). Conclusions: Antibody positivity was significantly affected by the previous history of COVID-19 infection, type of vaccine, the number of doses received, and duration since vaccination.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/174SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodyhealthcare workersimmune responsepost-vaccination |
| spellingShingle | Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany Mona H. Hashish Shehata Farag Eman A. Omran Azza Galal Farghaly Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez Azzam Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody healthcare workers immune response post-vaccination |
| title | Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt |
| title_full | Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt |
| title_short | Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt |
| title_sort | determinants of the development of sars cov 2 anti spike immune response after vaccination among healthcare workers in egypt |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody healthcare workers immune response post-vaccination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/174 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT engymohamedelghitany determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt AT monahhashish determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt AT shehatafarag determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt AT emanaomran determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt AT azzagalalfarghaly determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt AT nashwafawzyabdelmoezazzam determinantsofthedevelopmentofsarscov2antispikeimmuneresponseaftervaccinationamonghealthcareworkersinegypt |