Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site
A model for the simulation of wind flow in complex terrain is presented based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. For the description of turbulence, the standard k-ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε, and a Reynolds stress turbulence model ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Computation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/6/3/43 |
| _version_ | 1819090272584204288 |
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| author | Hermann Knaus Martin Hofsäß Alexander Rautenberg Jens Bange |
| author_facet | Hermann Knaus Martin Hofsäß Alexander Rautenberg Jens Bange |
| author_sort | Hermann Knaus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A model for the simulation of wind flow in complex terrain is presented based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. For the description of turbulence, the standard k-ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε, and a Reynolds stress turbulence model are applied. Additional terms are implemented in the momentum equations to describe stratification of the Earth’s atmosphere and to account for the Coriolis forces driven by the Earth’s rotation, as well as for the drag force due to forested canopy. Furthermore, turbulence production and dissipation terms are added to the turbulence equations for the two-equation, as well as for the Reynolds stress models, in order to capture different types of land use. The approaches for the turbulence models are verified by means of a homogeneous canopy test case with flat terrain and constant forest height. The validation of the models is performed by investigating the WindForS wind test site. The simulation results are compared with five-hole probe velocity measurements using multipurpose airborne sensor carrier (MASC) systems (unmanned small research aircraft)—UAV at different locations for the main wind regime. Additionally, Reynolds stresses measured with sonic anemometers at a meteorological wind mast at different heights are compared with simulation results using the Reynolds stress turbulence model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:21:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa5ecdf79a8b4bfe91f96d27b9f75679 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-3197 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:21:12Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computation |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa5ecdf79a8b4bfe91f96d27b9f756792022-12-21T18:48:19ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972018-07-01634310.3390/computation6030043computation6030043Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test SiteHermann Knaus0Martin Hofsäß1Alexander Rautenberg2Jens Bange3Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Faculty Building Services, Energy and Environment, Kanalstraße 33, D-73728 Esslingen, GermanyUniversity of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Wind Energy (SWE) at the Institute of Aircraft Design, Allmandring 5b, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyEberhard Karls University, Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Hölderlinstraße 12, D-72074 Tübingen, GermanyEberhard Karls University, Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Hölderlinstraße 12, D-72074 Tübingen, GermanyA model for the simulation of wind flow in complex terrain is presented based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. For the description of turbulence, the standard k-ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε, and a Reynolds stress turbulence model are applied. Additional terms are implemented in the momentum equations to describe stratification of the Earth’s atmosphere and to account for the Coriolis forces driven by the Earth’s rotation, as well as for the drag force due to forested canopy. Furthermore, turbulence production and dissipation terms are added to the turbulence equations for the two-equation, as well as for the Reynolds stress models, in order to capture different types of land use. The approaches for the turbulence models are verified by means of a homogeneous canopy test case with flat terrain and constant forest height. The validation of the models is performed by investigating the WindForS wind test site. The simulation results are compared with five-hole probe velocity measurements using multipurpose airborne sensor carrier (MASC) systems (unmanned small research aircraft)—UAV at different locations for the main wind regime. Additionally, Reynolds stresses measured with sonic anemometers at a meteorological wind mast at different heights are compared with simulation results using the Reynolds stress turbulence model.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/6/3/43wind simulationcomplex terraincanopyReynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS)second moment closure |
| spellingShingle | Hermann Knaus Martin Hofsäß Alexander Rautenberg Jens Bange Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site Computation wind simulation complex terrain canopy Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) second moment closure |
| title | Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site |
| title_full | Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site |
| title_fullStr | Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site |
| title_short | Application of Different Turbulence Models Simulating Wind Flow in Complex Terrain: A Case Study for the WindForS Test Site |
| title_sort | application of different turbulence models simulating wind flow in complex terrain a case study for the windfors test site |
| topic | wind simulation complex terrain canopy Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) second moment closure |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/6/3/43 |
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