Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging
Abstract Citrus fruit yield is essential for market stability, as it allows businesses to plan for production and distribution. However, yield estimation is a complex and time-consuming process that often requires a large number of field samples to ensure representativeness. To address this challeng...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50921-8 |
| _version_ | 1797233715487703040 |
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| author | Soon-Hwa Kwon Ki Bon Ku Anh Tuan Le Gyung Deok Han Yosup Park Jaehong Kim Thai Thanh Tuan Yong Suk Chung Sheikh Mansoor |
| author_facet | Soon-Hwa Kwon Ki Bon Ku Anh Tuan Le Gyung Deok Han Yosup Park Jaehong Kim Thai Thanh Tuan Yong Suk Chung Sheikh Mansoor |
| author_sort | Soon-Hwa Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Citrus fruit yield is essential for market stability, as it allows businesses to plan for production and distribution. However, yield estimation is a complex and time-consuming process that often requires a large number of field samples to ensure representativeness. To address this challenge, we investigated the optimal altitude for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging to estimate the yield of Citrus unshiu fruit. We captured images from five different altitudes (30 m, 50 m, 70 m, 90 m, and 110 m), and determined that a resolution of approximately 5 pixels/cm is necessary for reliable estimation of fruit size based on the average diameter of C. unshiu fruit (46.7 mm). Additionally, we found that histogram equalization of the images improved fruit count estimation compared to using untreated images. At the images from 30 m height, the normal image estimates fruit numbers as 73, 55, and 88. However, the histogram equalized image estimates 88, 71, 105. The actual number of fruits is 124, 88, and 141. Using a Vegetation Index such as IPCA showed a similar estimation value to histogram equalization, but I1 estimation represents a gap to actual yields. Our results provide a valuable database for future UAV field investigations of citrus fruit yield. Using flying platforms like UAVs can provide a step towards adopting this sort of model spanning ever greater regions at a cheap cost, with this system generating accurate results in this manner. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:21:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa6193e2abcf41f0bce61865b34c001f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:20:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa6193e2abcf41f0bce61865b34c001f2024-03-31T11:15:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-011411910.1038/s41598-023-50921-8Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imagingSoon-Hwa Kwon0Ki Bon Ku1Anh Tuan Le2Gyung Deok Han3Yosup Park4Jaehong Kim5Thai Thanh Tuan6Yong Suk Chung7Sheikh Mansoor8Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationDepartment of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National UniversityDepartment of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National UniversityDepartment of Practical Arts Education, Cheongju National University of EducationCitrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationCitrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationDepartment of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National UniversityDepartment of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National UniversityDepartment of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National UniversityAbstract Citrus fruit yield is essential for market stability, as it allows businesses to plan for production and distribution. However, yield estimation is a complex and time-consuming process that often requires a large number of field samples to ensure representativeness. To address this challenge, we investigated the optimal altitude for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging to estimate the yield of Citrus unshiu fruit. We captured images from five different altitudes (30 m, 50 m, 70 m, 90 m, and 110 m), and determined that a resolution of approximately 5 pixels/cm is necessary for reliable estimation of fruit size based on the average diameter of C. unshiu fruit (46.7 mm). Additionally, we found that histogram equalization of the images improved fruit count estimation compared to using untreated images. At the images from 30 m height, the normal image estimates fruit numbers as 73, 55, and 88. However, the histogram equalized image estimates 88, 71, 105. The actual number of fruits is 124, 88, and 141. Using a Vegetation Index such as IPCA showed a similar estimation value to histogram equalization, but I1 estimation represents a gap to actual yields. Our results provide a valuable database for future UAV field investigations of citrus fruit yield. Using flying platforms like UAVs can provide a step towards adopting this sort of model spanning ever greater regions at a cheap cost, with this system generating accurate results in this manner.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50921-8 |
| spellingShingle | Soon-Hwa Kwon Ki Bon Ku Anh Tuan Le Gyung Deok Han Yosup Park Jaehong Kim Thai Thanh Tuan Yong Suk Chung Sheikh Mansoor Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging Scientific Reports |
| title | Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging |
| title_full | Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging |
| title_short | Enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with UAV imaging |
| title_sort | enhancing citrus fruit yield investigations through flight height optimization with uav imaging |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50921-8 |
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