Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties
The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical and chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials in biomedicine and bioengineering. The study was focused on combined hydrogels based on natural polysacch...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Alexander P. Safronov Nadezhda M. Kurilova Lidiya V. Adamova Tatyana F. Shklyar Felix A. Blyakhman Andrey Yu. Zubarev |
| author_facet | Alexander P. Safronov Nadezhda M. Kurilova Lidiya V. Adamova Tatyana F. Shklyar Felix A. Blyakhman Andrey Yu. Zubarev |
| author_sort | Alexander P. Safronov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical and chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials in biomedicine and bioengineering. The study was focused on combined hydrogels based on natural polysaccharide—calcium alginate (CaAlg) and a synthetic polymer–polyacrylamide (PAAm). The series of hydrogels with varying proportions among alginate and polyacrylamide have been synthesized, and their water uptake has been characterized depending on their composition. The equilibrium swelling and re-swelling in water after drying were considered. The compatibility of alginate and polyacrylamide in the combined blend was studied by the thermodynamic approach. It showed a controversial combination of negative enthalpy of mixing among PAAm and CaAlg with positive Gibbs energy of mixing. Mechanical and electrical properties of the combined gels with double networking were studied as relevant for their prospective use as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and working bodies in actuators. The storage modulus and the loss modulus were determined in the oscillatory compression mode as a function of proportions among natural and synthetic polymers. Both moduli substantially increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm. The electrical (Donnan) potential of hydrogels was measured using the capillary electrode technique. The Donnan potential was negative at all compositions of hydrogels, and its absolute values increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:16:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa62cad7be164bc1bf97f2476a32b81b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-7673 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:16:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomimetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa62cad7be164bc1bf97f2476a32b81b2023-11-18T18:29:30ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732023-06-018327910.3390/biomimetics8030279Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical PropertiesAlexander P. Safronov0Nadezhda M. Kurilova1Lidiya V. Adamova2Tatyana F. Shklyar3Felix A. Blyakhman4Andrey Yu. Zubarev5Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, RussiaThe synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical and chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials in biomedicine and bioengineering. The study was focused on combined hydrogels based on natural polysaccharide—calcium alginate (CaAlg) and a synthetic polymer–polyacrylamide (PAAm). The series of hydrogels with varying proportions among alginate and polyacrylamide have been synthesized, and their water uptake has been characterized depending on their composition. The equilibrium swelling and re-swelling in water after drying were considered. The compatibility of alginate and polyacrylamide in the combined blend was studied by the thermodynamic approach. It showed a controversial combination of negative enthalpy of mixing among PAAm and CaAlg with positive Gibbs energy of mixing. Mechanical and electrical properties of the combined gels with double networking were studied as relevant for their prospective use as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and working bodies in actuators. The storage modulus and the loss modulus were determined in the oscillatory compression mode as a function of proportions among natural and synthetic polymers. Both moduli substantially increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm. The electrical (Donnan) potential of hydrogels was measured using the capillary electrode technique. The Donnan potential was negative at all compositions of hydrogels, and its absolute values increased with the content of CaAlg and PAAm.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/8/3/279interpenetrating networksalginatepolyacrylamideswelling ratiothermodynamic compatibilitydynamic mechanical analysis |
| spellingShingle | Alexander P. Safronov Nadezhda M. Kurilova Lidiya V. Adamova Tatyana F. Shklyar Felix A. Blyakhman Andrey Yu. Zubarev Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties Biomimetics interpenetrating networks alginate polyacrylamide swelling ratio thermodynamic compatibility dynamic mechanical analysis |
| title | Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties |
| title_full | Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties |
| title_short | Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties |
| title_sort | hydrogels based on polyacrylamide and calcium alginate thermodynamic compatibility of interpenetrating networks mechanical and electrical properties |
| topic | interpenetrating networks alginate polyacrylamide swelling ratio thermodynamic compatibility dynamic mechanical analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/8/3/279 |
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