Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules released from the extracellular and intracellular space of damaged tissue or dead cells. Recent evidence indicates that DAMPs are associated with the sterile inflammation caused by aging, increased ocular pressure, high glu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2591 |
| _version_ | 1797474972096004096 |
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| author | Binapani Mahaling Shermaine W. Y. Low Molly Beck Devesh Kumar Simrah Ahmed Thomas B. Connor Baseer Ahmad Shyam S. Chaurasia |
| author_facet | Binapani Mahaling Shermaine W. Y. Low Molly Beck Devesh Kumar Simrah Ahmed Thomas B. Connor Baseer Ahmad Shyam S. Chaurasia |
| author_sort | Binapani Mahaling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules released from the extracellular and intracellular space of damaged tissue or dead cells. Recent evidence indicates that DAMPs are associated with the sterile inflammation caused by aging, increased ocular pressure, high glucose, oxidative stress, ischemia, mechanical trauma, stress, or environmental conditions, in retinal diseases. DAMPs activate the innate immune system, suggesting their role to be protective, but may promote pathological inflammation and angiogenesis in response to the chronic insult or injury. DAMPs are recognized by specialized innate immune receptors, such as receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the NOD-like receptor family (NLRs), and purine receptor 7 (P2X7), in systemic diseases. However, studies describing the role of DAMPs in retinal disorders are meager. Here, we extensively reviewed the role of DAMPs in retinal disorders, including endophthalmitis, uveitis, glaucoma, ocular cancer, ischemic retinopathies, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and inherited retinal disorders. Finally, we discussed DAMPs as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for retinal disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:38:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa6c0ab547ed4f81beb5d6bcc59f33f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:38:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa6c0ab547ed4f81beb5d6bcc59f33f52023-11-23T23:06:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01235259110.3390/ijms23052591Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal DisordersBinapani Mahaling0Shermaine W. Y. Low1Molly Beck2Devesh Kumar3Simrah Ahmed4Thomas B. Connor5Baseer Ahmad6Shyam S. Chaurasia7Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USAOcular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Froedtert and MCW Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USADamage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules released from the extracellular and intracellular space of damaged tissue or dead cells. Recent evidence indicates that DAMPs are associated with the sterile inflammation caused by aging, increased ocular pressure, high glucose, oxidative stress, ischemia, mechanical trauma, stress, or environmental conditions, in retinal diseases. DAMPs activate the innate immune system, suggesting their role to be protective, but may promote pathological inflammation and angiogenesis in response to the chronic insult or injury. DAMPs are recognized by specialized innate immune receptors, such as receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the NOD-like receptor family (NLRs), and purine receptor 7 (P2X7), in systemic diseases. However, studies describing the role of DAMPs in retinal disorders are meager. Here, we extensively reviewed the role of DAMPs in retinal disorders, including endophthalmitis, uveitis, glaucoma, ocular cancer, ischemic retinopathies, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and inherited retinal disorders. Finally, we discussed DAMPs as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for retinal disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2591DAMPsendophthalmitisuveitisglaucomaocular cancerischemic retinopathies |
| spellingShingle | Binapani Mahaling Shermaine W. Y. Low Molly Beck Devesh Kumar Simrah Ahmed Thomas B. Connor Baseer Ahmad Shyam S. Chaurasia Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders International Journal of Molecular Sciences DAMPs endophthalmitis uveitis glaucoma ocular cancer ischemic retinopathies |
| title | Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders |
| title_full | Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders |
| title_short | Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders |
| title_sort | damage associated molecular patterns damps in retinal disorders |
| topic | DAMPs endophthalmitis uveitis glaucoma ocular cancer ischemic retinopathies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2591 |
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