Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method
The effect of off-axis ply on the tensile properties of unbalanced symmetric [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> laminates was explored through experimental and numerical analysis. Six CFRP [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> plies with different off-axis angles θ were fabricated for tensile tests. In situ ob...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1809 |
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| author | Junfeng Hu Xi Deng Xutong Zhang Wen-Xue Wang Terutake Matsubara |
| author_facet | Junfeng Hu Xi Deng Xutong Zhang Wen-Xue Wang Terutake Matsubara |
| author_sort | Junfeng Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of off-axis ply on the tensile properties of unbalanced symmetric [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> laminates was explored through experimental and numerical analysis. Six CFRP [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> plies with different off-axis angles θ were fabricated for tensile tests. In situ observations of the damage to the laminates were conducted to investigate the initiation and progressive growth of the laminates during the tension tests. The fiber fractures, crack initiation, and progressive propagation were analyzed by observing the free edge of the laminates, and the difference in damage behavior caused by different off-axis angles was investigated. All the six [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> plies with off-axis angles θ ranging from 15° to 90° showed approximate linear stress–strain responses in the tensile tests. Matrix cracks were not observed prior to the final catastrophic failure in the off-axis layers of the [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> laminates with a θ in the range of 15–60°. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> plies was conducted using a 3D micromechanical model, in which matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding in the off-axis layer were simulated using a cohesive interface element. Three micromechanical crack-free, cohesive interface, and initial crack models were analyzed to predict the influence of the matrix cracks inside the off-axis layer on the damage behavior of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> laminates. The numerical results from the initial crack micromechanical model show a lower bound of the tensile strength of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> plies. A high stress concentration is observed adjacent to the cracked off-axis layer, inducing a tensile strength loss of about 20%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:52:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa7291bbf5564a64a4781d121630687e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:52:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa7291bbf5564a64a4781d121630687e2023-11-21T22:10:30ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-011311180910.3390/polym13111809Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical MethodJunfeng Hu0Xi Deng1Xutong Zhang2Wen-Xue Wang3Terutake Matsubara4School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Pu Zhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, JapanThe effect of off-axis ply on the tensile properties of unbalanced symmetric [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> laminates was explored through experimental and numerical analysis. Six CFRP [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> plies with different off-axis angles θ were fabricated for tensile tests. In situ observations of the damage to the laminates were conducted to investigate the initiation and progressive growth of the laminates during the tension tests. The fiber fractures, crack initiation, and progressive propagation were analyzed by observing the free edge of the laminates, and the difference in damage behavior caused by different off-axis angles was investigated. All the six [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> plies with off-axis angles θ ranging from 15° to 90° showed approximate linear stress–strain responses in the tensile tests. Matrix cracks were not observed prior to the final catastrophic failure in the off-axis layers of the [0/θ]<sub>2s</sub> laminates with a θ in the range of 15–60°. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> plies was conducted using a 3D micromechanical model, in which matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding in the off-axis layer were simulated using a cohesive interface element. Three micromechanical crack-free, cohesive interface, and initial crack models were analyzed to predict the influence of the matrix cracks inside the off-axis layer on the damage behavior of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> laminates. The numerical results from the initial crack micromechanical model show a lower bound of the tensile strength of the [0/θ]<sub>s</sub> plies. A high stress concentration is observed adjacent to the cracked off-axis layer, inducing a tensile strength loss of about 20%.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1809thin ply laminateoff-axis plytensile testcrack behaviorfinite element method |
| spellingShingle | Junfeng Hu Xi Deng Xutong Zhang Wen-Xue Wang Terutake Matsubara Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method Polymers thin ply laminate off-axis ply tensile test crack behavior finite element method |
| title | Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method |
| title_full | Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method |
| title_short | Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]<sub>ns</sub> Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method |
| title_sort | effect of off axis ply on tensile properties of 0 θ sub ns sub thin ply laminates by experiments and numerical method |
| topic | thin ply laminate off-axis ply tensile test crack behavior finite element method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1809 |
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