Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors
The Outer Tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the large experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, will consist of about 13,200 modules, each built up of two silicon sensors. The modules and support structures include thousands of parts that contribute to positioning and cooling t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/268 |
| _version_ | 1797625438562942976 |
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| author | Katie Elizabeth Buchanan Stefano Sgobba Michal Dalemir Celuch Francisco Perez Gomez Antti Onnela Pierre Rose Hans Postema Mariano Pentella Guillaume Lacombe Benjamin Thomas Renaud de Langlade Yvan Paquin |
| author_facet | Katie Elizabeth Buchanan Stefano Sgobba Michal Dalemir Celuch Francisco Perez Gomez Antti Onnela Pierre Rose Hans Postema Mariano Pentella Guillaume Lacombe Benjamin Thomas Renaud de Langlade Yvan Paquin |
| author_sort | Katie Elizabeth Buchanan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Outer Tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the large experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, will consist of about 13,200 modules, each built up of two silicon sensors. The modules and support structures include thousands of parts that contribute to positioning and cooling the sensors during operation at −30 °C. These parts should be low mass while featuring high thermal conductivity, stiffness and strength. Their thermal expansion coefficient should match that of silicon to avoid deformations during cooling cycles. Due to their unique thermal and mechanical properties, aluminium-carbon fibre (Al/C<sub>f</sub>) Metal Matrix Composites are the material of choice to produce such light and stable thermal management components for High Energy Physics detectors. For the CMS Outer Tracker, about 500,000 cm<sup>3</sup> of Al/C<sub>f</sub> raw material will be required to be produced through a reliable process to guarantee consistent properties throughout parts manufacturing. Two Al/C<sub>f</sub> production routes are currently considered: liquid casting by gas-pressure infiltration and a powder metallurgy process based on continuous semi-liquid phase sintering. The dimensional stability of the resulting material is of paramount importance. Irreversible change of shape may be induced by moisture adsorption and the onset of galvanic corrosion at the discontinuous interfaces between C<sub>f</sub> and Al. This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation through Computed Microtomography, direct microscopical investigations, analysis of the interfaces and metrology measurements aimed at comparing and interpreting the response to different environments of the respective products. The results obtained confirm the suitability of the two investigated Al/Cf MMCs for application to components of the CMS Outer Tracker, requiring tight geometrical control and microstructural stability over time. However, for PM parts sintered through the semi-liquid phase process, a multilayered protective noble metal coating is necessary the make them impervious to moisture, allowing dimensional stability to be guaranteed and the onset of corrosion phenomena to be avoided, while the product obtained by gas-pressure infiltration has shown less sensitive even to extreme temperature-humidity cycles and may be used uncoated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:56:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa74ad60f19141e597c77921dc9c8f23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:56:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa74ad60f19141e597c77921dc9c8f232023-11-16T15:49:20ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-12-0116126810.3390/ma16010268Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics DetectorsKatie Elizabeth Buchanan0Stefano Sgobba1Michal Dalemir Celuch2Francisco Perez Gomez3Antti Onnela4Pierre Rose5Hans Postema6Mariano Pentella7Guillaume Lacombe8Benjamin Thomas9Renaud de Langlade10Yvan Paquin11European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandMINAPACK, 38510 Vezeronce Curtin, FranceMINAPACK, 38510 Vezeronce Curtin, FranceNOVAPACK Technologies, 38510 Vezeronce Curtin, FranceNOVAPACK Technologies, 38510 Vezeronce Curtin, FranceThe Outer Tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the large experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, will consist of about 13,200 modules, each built up of two silicon sensors. The modules and support structures include thousands of parts that contribute to positioning and cooling the sensors during operation at −30 °C. These parts should be low mass while featuring high thermal conductivity, stiffness and strength. Their thermal expansion coefficient should match that of silicon to avoid deformations during cooling cycles. Due to their unique thermal and mechanical properties, aluminium-carbon fibre (Al/C<sub>f</sub>) Metal Matrix Composites are the material of choice to produce such light and stable thermal management components for High Energy Physics detectors. For the CMS Outer Tracker, about 500,000 cm<sup>3</sup> of Al/C<sub>f</sub> raw material will be required to be produced through a reliable process to guarantee consistent properties throughout parts manufacturing. Two Al/C<sub>f</sub> production routes are currently considered: liquid casting by gas-pressure infiltration and a powder metallurgy process based on continuous semi-liquid phase sintering. The dimensional stability of the resulting material is of paramount importance. Irreversible change of shape may be induced by moisture adsorption and the onset of galvanic corrosion at the discontinuous interfaces between C<sub>f</sub> and Al. This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation through Computed Microtomography, direct microscopical investigations, analysis of the interfaces and metrology measurements aimed at comparing and interpreting the response to different environments of the respective products. The results obtained confirm the suitability of the two investigated Al/Cf MMCs for application to components of the CMS Outer Tracker, requiring tight geometrical control and microstructural stability over time. However, for PM parts sintered through the semi-liquid phase process, a multilayered protective noble metal coating is necessary the make them impervious to moisture, allowing dimensional stability to be guaranteed and the onset of corrosion phenomena to be avoided, while the product obtained by gas-pressure infiltration has shown less sensitive even to extreme temperature-humidity cycles and may be used uncoated.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/268Al/C<sub>f</sub> metal matrix compositesCERN compact muon solenoid (CMS)liquid castingsemi-liquid phase sinteringgalvanic corrosionpowder metallurgy |
| spellingShingle | Katie Elizabeth Buchanan Stefano Sgobba Michal Dalemir Celuch Francisco Perez Gomez Antti Onnela Pierre Rose Hans Postema Mariano Pentella Guillaume Lacombe Benjamin Thomas Renaud de Langlade Yvan Paquin Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors Materials Al/C<sub>f</sub> metal matrix composites CERN compact muon solenoid (CMS) liquid casting semi-liquid phase sintering galvanic corrosion powder metallurgy |
| title | Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors |
| title_full | Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors |
| title_short | Assessment of Two Advanced Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites for Application to High Energy Physics Detectors |
| title_sort | assessment of two advanced aluminium based metal matrix composites for application to high energy physics detectors |
| topic | Al/C<sub>f</sub> metal matrix composites CERN compact muon solenoid (CMS) liquid casting semi-liquid phase sintering galvanic corrosion powder metallurgy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/268 |
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