Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis
(1) Background: More than 1.8 million people in the European Union die every year as a result of CVD, accounting for 36% of all deaths with a large proportion being premature (before the age of 65). There are more than 300 different risk factors of CVD, known and air pollution is one of them. The ai...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2206 |
| _version_ | 1797611068270313472 |
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| author | Radosław Czernych Artur Jerzy Badyda Grzegorz Kozera Paweł Zagożdżon |
| author_facet | Radosław Czernych Artur Jerzy Badyda Grzegorz Kozera Paweł Zagożdżon |
| author_sort | Radosław Czernych |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: More than 1.8 million people in the European Union die every year as a result of CVD, accounting for 36% of all deaths with a large proportion being premature (before the age of 65). There are more than 300 different risk factors of CVD, known and air pollution is one of them. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily cardiovascular mortality was associated with air pollutants and meteorological conditions in an urban environment with a low level of air pollution. (2) Methods: Data on daily incidence of strokes and myocardial infarctions in the city of Gdansk were obtained from the National Health Fund (NHF) and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Data on the level of pollution, i.e., SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and meteorological conditions came from the foundation: Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk metropolitan area (ARMAG). Using these data, we calculated mean values with standard deviation (SD) and derived the minimum and maximum values and interquartile range (IQR). Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: Stroke incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NOx with RRs equal to 1.019 (95%CI: 1.001–1.036), 1.036 (95%CI: 1.008–1.064) and 1.017 (95%CI: 1.000–1.034) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Similarly, myocardial infarction incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NOx with RRs equal to 1.030 (95%CI: 1.011–1.048), 1.053 (95%CI: 1.024–1.082) and 1.027 (95%CI: 1.010–1.045) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were positively associated with myocardial infarction incidence. (5) Conclusions: In this time-series cross-sectional study, we found strong evidence that support the hypothesis that transient elevations in ambient PM2.5, PM10, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and CO are associated with higher relative risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction incidents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa8264c214164f40bf1807df457803e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa8264c214164f40bf1807df457803e02023-11-17T11:49:33ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-03-01126220610.3390/jcm12062206Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional AnalysisRadosław Czernych0Artur Jerzy Badyda1Grzegorz Kozera2Paweł Zagożdżon3Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Informatics and Environment Quality Research, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, PolandCentre of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-204 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland(1) Background: More than 1.8 million people in the European Union die every year as a result of CVD, accounting for 36% of all deaths with a large proportion being premature (before the age of 65). There are more than 300 different risk factors of CVD, known and air pollution is one of them. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily cardiovascular mortality was associated with air pollutants and meteorological conditions in an urban environment with a low level of air pollution. (2) Methods: Data on daily incidence of strokes and myocardial infarctions in the city of Gdansk were obtained from the National Health Fund (NHF) and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Data on the level of pollution, i.e., SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and meteorological conditions came from the foundation: Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk metropolitan area (ARMAG). Using these data, we calculated mean values with standard deviation (SD) and derived the minimum and maximum values and interquartile range (IQR). Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: Stroke incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NOx with RRs equal to 1.019 (95%CI: 1.001–1.036), 1.036 (95%CI: 1.008–1.064) and 1.017 (95%CI: 1.000–1.034) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Similarly, myocardial infarction incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NOx with RRs equal to 1.030 (95%CI: 1.011–1.048), 1.053 (95%CI: 1.024–1.082) and 1.027 (95%CI: 1.010–1.045) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were positively associated with myocardial infarction incidence. (5) Conclusions: In this time-series cross-sectional study, we found strong evidence that support the hypothesis that transient elevations in ambient PM2.5, PM10, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and CO are associated with higher relative risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction incidents.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2206air pollutiongaseous pollutantsparticulate mattercardiovascular diseaseischemic strokemyocardial infarction |
| spellingShingle | Radosław Czernych Artur Jerzy Badyda Grzegorz Kozera Paweł Zagożdżon Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis Journal of Clinical Medicine air pollution gaseous pollutants particulate matter cardiovascular disease ischemic stroke myocardial infarction |
| title | Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis |
| title_full | Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis |
| title_short | Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis |
| title_sort | assessment of low level air pollution and cardiovascular incidence in gdansk poland time series cross sectional analysis |
| topic | air pollution gaseous pollutants particulate matter cardiovascular disease ischemic stroke myocardial infarction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2206 |
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