Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts
Berry fruits are an important dietary source of health-promoting antioxidant polyphenols. Interestingly, berry leaves of diverse species, including strawberries, have shown higher bioactive phytochemical content in the leaves than in the fruit. Moreover, the vegetative part of the plants is usually...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1865 |
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| author | Karla Salas-Arias Andrea Irías-Mata Andrés Sánchez-Kopper Ricardo Hernández-Moncada Bridget Salas-Morgan Fabián Villalta-Romero Laura A. Calvo-Castro |
| author_facet | Karla Salas-Arias Andrea Irías-Mata Andrés Sánchez-Kopper Ricardo Hernández-Moncada Bridget Salas-Morgan Fabián Villalta-Romero Laura A. Calvo-Castro |
| author_sort | Karla Salas-Arias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Berry fruits are an important dietary source of health-promoting antioxidant polyphenols. Interestingly, berry leaves of diverse species, including strawberries, have shown higher bioactive phytochemical content in the leaves than in the fruit. Moreover, the vegetative part of the plants is usually discarded, representing a presumably large source of underutilized bioactive biomass. In this investigation, the polyphenol profiles of tropical highland strawberry (<i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival) leaves and fruits were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total polyphenol strawberry leaf extracts exhibited a 122-fold-higher total polyphenol content and 13-fold higher antioxidant activity (ORAC) than strawberry fruits, and they showed evidence of possible photoprotective effects against UV damage in human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) and in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), together with promising anti-proliferative activities against the same melanoma cells. Seven polyphenols were confirmed by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, with differences depending on fraction solubility. Moreover, three substituted quercetin derivatives, three substituted kaempferol derivatives, two anthocyanins, and catechin were confirmed in the soluble fraction by HPLC-MS. Given their higher total polyphenol content and bioactive activities, underutilized strawberry Festival leaves are a potential source of apparently abundant biomass with prospective bioactive applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:21:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa827d3cae7b4a17b091e09bc0852cec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa827d3cae7b4a17b091e09bc0852cec2023-11-16T22:24:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01284186510.3390/molecules28041865Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf ExtractsKarla Salas-Arias0Andrea Irías-Mata1Andrés Sánchez-Kopper2Ricardo Hernández-Moncada3Bridget Salas-Morgan4Fabián Villalta-Romero5Laura A. Calvo-Castro6Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales Para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José P.O. Box 2060, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa RicaBerry fruits are an important dietary source of health-promoting antioxidant polyphenols. Interestingly, berry leaves of diverse species, including strawberries, have shown higher bioactive phytochemical content in the leaves than in the fruit. Moreover, the vegetative part of the plants is usually discarded, representing a presumably large source of underutilized bioactive biomass. In this investigation, the polyphenol profiles of tropical highland strawberry (<i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival) leaves and fruits were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total polyphenol strawberry leaf extracts exhibited a 122-fold-higher total polyphenol content and 13-fold higher antioxidant activity (ORAC) than strawberry fruits, and they showed evidence of possible photoprotective effects against UV damage in human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) and in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), together with promising anti-proliferative activities against the same melanoma cells. Seven polyphenols were confirmed by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, with differences depending on fraction solubility. Moreover, three substituted quercetin derivatives, three substituted kaempferol derivatives, two anthocyanins, and catechin were confirmed in the soluble fraction by HPLC-MS. Given their higher total polyphenol content and bioactive activities, underutilized strawberry Festival leaves are a potential source of apparently abundant biomass with prospective bioactive applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1865<i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festivalleavespolyphenolsstrawberry |
| spellingShingle | Karla Salas-Arias Andrea Irías-Mata Andrés Sánchez-Kopper Ricardo Hernández-Moncada Bridget Salas-Morgan Fabián Villalta-Romero Laura A. Calvo-Castro Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts Molecules <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival leaves polyphenols strawberry |
| title | Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts |
| title_full | Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts |
| title_short | Strawberry <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts |
| title_sort | strawberry i fragaria x ananassa i cv festival a polyphenol based phytochemical characterization in fruit and leaf extracts |
| topic | <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> cv. Festival leaves polyphenols strawberry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1865 |
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