Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next?
Regulatory T cells are usually recognized as a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells functioning in establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. Meanwhile, there is emerging evidence that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also present in various non-lymphoid tissues, and that they have unique phenot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01578/full |
| _version_ | 1818529249308442624 |
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| author | Hai Zhao Xuelian Liao Yan Kang |
| author_facet | Hai Zhao Xuelian Liao Yan Kang |
| author_sort | Hai Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regulatory T cells are usually recognized as a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells functioning in establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. Meanwhile, there is emerging evidence that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also present in various non-lymphoid tissues, and that they have unique phenotypes credited with activities distinct from regulatory function. Their development and function have been described in plenty of manuscripts in the past two decades. However, with the deepening of research in recent years, emerging evidence revealed some novel mechanisms about how Tregs exert their activities. First, we discuss the expanding family of regulatory lymphocytes briefly and then, try to interpret how fork-head box P3 (Foxp3), a master regulator of the regulatory pathway in the development and function of regulatory T cells, functions. Subsequently, another part of our focus is varieties of tissue Tregs. Next, we primarily discuss recent research on how Tregs work and their faceted functions in terms of soluble mediators, functional proteins, and inhibitory receptors. In particular, unless otherwise noted, the term “Treg” is used here to refer specially to the “CD4+CD25+Foxp3+” regulatory cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:04:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa8afbf91e5045f28de6ee047f144b68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:04:29Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa8afbf91e5045f28de6ee047f144b682022-12-22T00:57:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-11-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01578309575Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next?Hai Zhao0Xuelian Liao1Yan Kang2Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaRegulatory T cells are usually recognized as a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells functioning in establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. Meanwhile, there is emerging evidence that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also present in various non-lymphoid tissues, and that they have unique phenotypes credited with activities distinct from regulatory function. Their development and function have been described in plenty of manuscripts in the past two decades. However, with the deepening of research in recent years, emerging evidence revealed some novel mechanisms about how Tregs exert their activities. First, we discuss the expanding family of regulatory lymphocytes briefly and then, try to interpret how fork-head box P3 (Foxp3), a master regulator of the regulatory pathway in the development and function of regulatory T cells, functions. Subsequently, another part of our focus is varieties of tissue Tregs. Next, we primarily discuss recent research on how Tregs work and their faceted functions in terms of soluble mediators, functional proteins, and inhibitory receptors. In particular, unless otherwise noted, the term “Treg” is used here to refer specially to the “CD4+CD25+Foxp3+” regulatory cells.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01578/fullregulatory T cellsFoxp3regulatory innate lymphoid cellsneuropilin-1d-mannoseamphiregulin |
| spellingShingle | Hai Zhao Xuelian Liao Yan Kang Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? Frontiers in Immunology regulatory T cells Foxp3 regulatory innate lymphoid cells neuropilin-1 d-mannose amphiregulin |
| title | Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? |
| title_full | Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? |
| title_fullStr | Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? |
| title_short | Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? |
| title_sort | tregs where we are and what comes next |
| topic | regulatory T cells Foxp3 regulatory innate lymphoid cells neuropilin-1 d-mannose amphiregulin |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01578/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haizhao tregswhereweareandwhatcomesnext AT xuelianliao tregswhereweareandwhatcomesnext AT yankang tregswhereweareandwhatcomesnext |