Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress
Low temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the eff...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1146 |
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| author | Parviz Heidari Mohammad Reza Amerian Gianni Barcaccia |
| author_facet | Parviz Heidari Mohammad Reza Amerian Gianni Barcaccia |
| author_sort | Parviz Heidari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the effects of low, nonfreezing temperature (10 °C for three days) on the hormone content, antioxidant activity, and expression patterns of cold-related genes in the leaves of cold-tolerant species (<i>Solanum habrochaites</i> Accession ‘LA1777′) and cold-susceptible species (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) were investigated. Low temperature increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content in both tomato species, while the content of zeatin-type cytokinins (ZT) increased in the cold-tolerant species. However, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) reduced in response to low temperature in susceptible species. Accordingly, cytokinin (CK) is identified as an important hormone associated with low-temperature stress in tomato. In addition, our results indicate that the <i>C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1</i> (<i>CBF1</i>) gene is less induced in response to low temperature in tomato, although transcription of the <i>inducer of CBF expression 1</i> (<i>ICE1</i>) gene was upregulated under low temperature in both tomato species. It seems that <i>ICE1</i> may modulate <i>cold-regulated</i> (<i>COR</i>) genes in a CBF-independent way. In addition, in response to low temperature, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and membrane stability index (MSI) increased in the susceptible species, indicating that low temperature induces oxidative stress. Additionally, we found that glutathione peroxidase is highly involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging induced by low temperature, and antioxidants are more induced in tolerant species. Overall, our results suggest that sub-optimal temperatures promote oxidative stress in tomato and CK is introduced as a factor related to the response to low temperature that requires deeper attention in future breeding programs of tomato. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:45:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fa9cd7da202b4d27844a74651574bda9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:45:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fa9cd7da202b4d27844a74651574bda92023-11-21T22:41:15ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-06-01116114610.3390/agronomy11061146Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature StressParviz Heidari0Mohammad Reza Amerian1Gianni Barcaccia2Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, IranFaculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, IranLaboratory of Genomics for Breeding, Campus of Agripolis, DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35030 Legnaro, ItalyLow temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the effects of low, nonfreezing temperature (10 °C for three days) on the hormone content, antioxidant activity, and expression patterns of cold-related genes in the leaves of cold-tolerant species (<i>Solanum habrochaites</i> Accession ‘LA1777′) and cold-susceptible species (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) were investigated. Low temperature increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content in both tomato species, while the content of zeatin-type cytokinins (ZT) increased in the cold-tolerant species. However, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) reduced in response to low temperature in susceptible species. Accordingly, cytokinin (CK) is identified as an important hormone associated with low-temperature stress in tomato. In addition, our results indicate that the <i>C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1</i> (<i>CBF1</i>) gene is less induced in response to low temperature in tomato, although transcription of the <i>inducer of CBF expression 1</i> (<i>ICE1</i>) gene was upregulated under low temperature in both tomato species. It seems that <i>ICE1</i> may modulate <i>cold-regulated</i> (<i>COR</i>) genes in a CBF-independent way. In addition, in response to low temperature, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and membrane stability index (MSI) increased in the susceptible species, indicating that low temperature induces oxidative stress. Additionally, we found that glutathione peroxidase is highly involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging induced by low temperature, and antioxidants are more induced in tolerant species. Overall, our results suggest that sub-optimal temperatures promote oxidative stress in tomato and CK is introduced as a factor related to the response to low temperature that requires deeper attention in future breeding programs of tomato.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1146ABAROSauxincytokinins<i>CBF1</i> genephytohormones |
| spellingShingle | Parviz Heidari Mohammad Reza Amerian Gianni Barcaccia Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress Agronomy ABA ROS auxin cytokinins <i>CBF1</i> gene phytohormones |
| title | Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress |
| title_full | Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress |
| title_fullStr | Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress |
| title_short | Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress |
| title_sort | hormone profiles and antioxidant activity of cultivated and wild tomato seedlings under low temperature stress |
| topic | ABA ROS auxin cytokinins <i>CBF1</i> gene phytohormones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1146 |
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