Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel
To investigate the influence of heavy rare earth element yttrium on the type, morphology, and quantity distribution of inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel, thermodynamic calculation was carried out on the typical rare earth inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel containing yttrium. The ma...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/896 |
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| author | Zhihong Guo Xiangyang Li Yu Liu Yaxu Zheng Liguang Zhu Yuanxiang Zhang Huilan Sun Jie Feng Ruifang Cao |
| author_facet | Zhihong Guo Xiangyang Li Yu Liu Yaxu Zheng Liguang Zhu Yuanxiang Zhang Huilan Sun Jie Feng Ruifang Cao |
| author_sort | Zhihong Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate the influence of heavy rare earth element yttrium on the type, morphology, and quantity distribution of inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel, thermodynamic calculation was carried out on the typical rare earth inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel containing yttrium. The main inclusions in the experimental steels with and without yttrium were observed and analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Zeiss Gemini SEM 300) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS, OXFORD Ultim Extreme). The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD, OXFORD Symmetry) was used to analyze the local average misorientation of the hot-rolled plate. The results show that the inclusions in the Y-free steel are mainly long MnS, irregular Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MnS-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The inclusions in the Y-bearing steel are spherical rare earth compounds. The number of inclusions in Y-bearing steel decreases and the size increases compared with Y-free steel. The mean value of local average misorientation and the dislocation density of Y-bearing steel are smaller compared with Y-free steel, which could avoid the cracking problem caused by dislocation accumulation during hot rolling. After heating the rough-rolling sample to 1350 °C, there is no obvious difference in the inclusions type between the Y-free steel and Y-bearing steel. However, the area fraction of inclusions in Y bearing steel increases slightly. According to the thermodynamic calculation results, there are mainly three kinds of rare earth inclusions, YS, Y<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S, in Y-bearing steel, among which YS has the strongest stability and the stability of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S is the weakest. The rare earth element yttrium can effectively modify the inclusions, transforming the irregular Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions, formed during the deoxidation of silicon steel into spherical rare earth inclusions, which suppress the precipitation of long MnS inclusions. Thus, the formability of the steel could be improved. |
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| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:36:21Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fa9d4c990dde4fabb460aa98e3bfd5082023-11-18T09:56:17ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-05-0113689610.3390/cryst13060896Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon SteelZhihong Guo0Xiangyang Li1Yu Liu2Yaxu Zheng3Liguang Zhu4Yuanxiang Zhang5Huilan Sun6Jie Feng7Ruifang Cao8Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rolling Technology and Automation, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110003, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, ChinaRolling Operation Department, Beijing Shougang Co., Ltd., Tangshan 064404, ChinaTo investigate the influence of heavy rare earth element yttrium on the type, morphology, and quantity distribution of inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel, thermodynamic calculation was carried out on the typical rare earth inclusions in grain-oriented silicon steel containing yttrium. The main inclusions in the experimental steels with and without yttrium were observed and analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Zeiss Gemini SEM 300) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS, OXFORD Ultim Extreme). The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD, OXFORD Symmetry) was used to analyze the local average misorientation of the hot-rolled plate. The results show that the inclusions in the Y-free steel are mainly long MnS, irregular Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MnS-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The inclusions in the Y-bearing steel are spherical rare earth compounds. The number of inclusions in Y-bearing steel decreases and the size increases compared with Y-free steel. The mean value of local average misorientation and the dislocation density of Y-bearing steel are smaller compared with Y-free steel, which could avoid the cracking problem caused by dislocation accumulation during hot rolling. After heating the rough-rolling sample to 1350 °C, there is no obvious difference in the inclusions type between the Y-free steel and Y-bearing steel. However, the area fraction of inclusions in Y bearing steel increases slightly. According to the thermodynamic calculation results, there are mainly three kinds of rare earth inclusions, YS, Y<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S, in Y-bearing steel, among which YS has the strongest stability and the stability of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S is the weakest. The rare earth element yttrium can effectively modify the inclusions, transforming the irregular Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions, formed during the deoxidation of silicon steel into spherical rare earth inclusions, which suppress the precipitation of long MnS inclusions. Thus, the formability of the steel could be improved.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/896rare earth yttriumgrain-oriented silicon steelinclusionthermodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Zhihong Guo Xiangyang Li Yu Liu Yaxu Zheng Liguang Zhu Yuanxiang Zhang Huilan Sun Jie Feng Ruifang Cao Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel Crystals rare earth yttrium grain-oriented silicon steel inclusion thermodynamics |
| title | Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel |
| title_full | Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel |
| title_short | Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Inclusion Characteristics of Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel |
| title_sort | effect of rare earth yttrium on inclusion characteristics of grain oriented silicon steel |
| topic | rare earth yttrium grain-oriented silicon steel inclusion thermodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/896 |
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