Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand
Dirty panicle disease in coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) was first observed in the KU-BEDO Coconut BioBank, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The occurrence of the disease covers more than 30% of the total coconut plantation area. The symptoms include small brown to dark brown spots and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/335 |
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| author | Anurag Sunpapao Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Reajina Dumhai Kanamon Riangwong Sunisa Sanguansub Samart Wanchana Siwaret Arikit |
| author_facet | Anurag Sunpapao Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Reajina Dumhai Kanamon Riangwong Sunisa Sanguansub Samart Wanchana Siwaret Arikit |
| author_sort | Anurag Sunpapao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dirty panicle disease in coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) was first observed in the KU-BEDO Coconut BioBank, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The occurrence of the disease covers more than 30% of the total coconut plantation area. The symptoms include small brown to dark brown spots and discoloration of male flowers. Herein, three fungal strains were isolated from infected samples. Based on the morphological characteristics the fungal isolates, they were classified into two genera, namely, <i>Alternaria</i> (Al01) and <i>Fusarium</i> (FUO01 and FUP01). DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>tef1-α</i>), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>) revealed Al01 as <i>Alternaria burnsii</i>, whereas DNA sequences of ITS, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1-α</i> identified FUO01 and FUP01 as <i>Fusarium clavum</i> and <i>F. tricinctum</i>, respectively. A pathogenicity test by the agar plug method demonstrated that these pathogens cause dirty panicle disease similar to that observed in natural infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the novel dirty panicle disease in coconuts in Thailand or elsewhere, demonstrating that it is associated with the plant pathogenic fungi <i>A. burnsii</i>, <i>F. clavum</i>, and <i>F. tricinctum</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:32:31Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:32:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-fab45333527a4ff4b59dc176a7a434522023-12-03T13:34:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-03-018433510.3390/jof8040335Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in ThailandAnurag Sunpapao0Nakarin Suwannarach1Jaturong Kumla2Reajina Dumhai3Kanamon Riangwong4Sunisa Sanguansub5Samart Wanchana6Siwaret Arikit7Agricultural Innovation and Management Division (Pest Management), Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandResearch Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandRice Science Center, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandDirty panicle disease in coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) was first observed in the KU-BEDO Coconut BioBank, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The occurrence of the disease covers more than 30% of the total coconut plantation area. The symptoms include small brown to dark brown spots and discoloration of male flowers. Herein, three fungal strains were isolated from infected samples. Based on the morphological characteristics the fungal isolates, they were classified into two genera, namely, <i>Alternaria</i> (Al01) and <i>Fusarium</i> (FUO01 and FUP01). DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>tef1-α</i>), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>) revealed Al01 as <i>Alternaria burnsii</i>, whereas DNA sequences of ITS, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1-α</i> identified FUO01 and FUP01 as <i>Fusarium clavum</i> and <i>F. tricinctum</i>, respectively. A pathogenicity test by the agar plug method demonstrated that these pathogens cause dirty panicle disease similar to that observed in natural infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the novel dirty panicle disease in coconuts in Thailand or elsewhere, demonstrating that it is associated with the plant pathogenic fungi <i>A. burnsii</i>, <i>F. clavum</i>, and <i>F. tricinctum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/335flower discolorationfungipathogenicity testmorphologymolecular techniques |
| spellingShingle | Anurag Sunpapao Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Reajina Dumhai Kanamon Riangwong Sunisa Sanguansub Samart Wanchana Siwaret Arikit Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand Journal of Fungi flower discoloration fungi pathogenicity test morphology molecular techniques |
| title | Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand |
| title_full | Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand |
| title_short | Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) in Thailand |
| title_sort | morphological and molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi associated with dirty panicle disease in coconuts i cocos nucifera i in thailand |
| topic | flower discoloration fungi pathogenicity test morphology molecular techniques |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/335 |
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