Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait
Upwelling is a widespread phenomenon in the ocean and plays key roles in the marine environment, marine fishery and air–sea carbon exchange. In coastal regions, the upwelling is usually modulated by tides and complex topography, but the dynamical mechanism is still unclear and yet to be quantified....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/9/1839 |
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| author | Yinfeng Xu Xiaohui Liu Feng Zhou Xueen Chen Ruijie Ye Dake Chen |
| author_facet | Yinfeng Xu Xiaohui Liu Feng Zhou Xueen Chen Ruijie Ye Dake Chen |
| author_sort | Yinfeng Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Upwelling is a widespread phenomenon in the ocean and plays key roles in the marine environment, marine fishery and air–sea carbon exchange. In coastal regions, the upwelling is usually modulated by tides and complex topography, but the dynamical mechanism is still unclear and yet to be quantified. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) regional ocean model is used to investigate tide-induced upwelling and its mechanisms quantitatively in the mouth of a semi-closed bay, the Bohai Strait, which is a tide-dominated coastal region. The results show that the upwelling mainly occurs near the tidal front in the north of the Laotieshan Channel and the southern region of the front, with the most active upwelling existing off promontories and small islands. Numerical sensitivity experiments indicate that the upwelling in the study area is mainly caused by tides, accounting for approximately 86% of the total. The 3D balance of the vertical component of the vorticity based on the model results quantifies the dynamic processes of the upwelling and reveals that tides induce the upwelling through tidal mixing and nonlinear effects. In the tidal front zone, the upwelling is mainly caused by baroclinic processes related to tidal mixing. Off promontories and small islands, we first reveal that the upwelling is driven by both the tidal mixing and nonlinear effect related to centrifugal force rather than just one of the two mechanisms, and the latter plays a dominant role in producing the upwelling. The strong nonlinear effect is attributed to the periodic movement of barotropic tidal currents rather than the mean flow. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:35:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fab8fc0d29fd4d22bc5681b5ec2f4410 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:35:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-fab8fc0d29fd4d22bc5681b5ec2f44102023-11-19T11:28:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-09-01119183910.3390/jmse11091839Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai StraitYinfeng Xu0Xiaohui Liu1Feng Zhou2Xueen Chen3Ruijie Ye4Dake Chen5College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaUpwelling is a widespread phenomenon in the ocean and plays key roles in the marine environment, marine fishery and air–sea carbon exchange. In coastal regions, the upwelling is usually modulated by tides and complex topography, but the dynamical mechanism is still unclear and yet to be quantified. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) regional ocean model is used to investigate tide-induced upwelling and its mechanisms quantitatively in the mouth of a semi-closed bay, the Bohai Strait, which is a tide-dominated coastal region. The results show that the upwelling mainly occurs near the tidal front in the north of the Laotieshan Channel and the southern region of the front, with the most active upwelling existing off promontories and small islands. Numerical sensitivity experiments indicate that the upwelling in the study area is mainly caused by tides, accounting for approximately 86% of the total. The 3D balance of the vertical component of the vorticity based on the model results quantifies the dynamic processes of the upwelling and reveals that tides induce the upwelling through tidal mixing and nonlinear effects. In the tidal front zone, the upwelling is mainly caused by baroclinic processes related to tidal mixing. Off promontories and small islands, we first reveal that the upwelling is driven by both the tidal mixing and nonlinear effect related to centrifugal force rather than just one of the two mechanisms, and the latter plays a dominant role in producing the upwelling. The strong nonlinear effect is attributed to the periodic movement of barotropic tidal currents rather than the mean flow.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/9/1839Bohai straitupwellingtidedissipationtidal mixingnonlinear advection |
| spellingShingle | Yinfeng Xu Xiaohui Liu Feng Zhou Xueen Chen Ruijie Ye Dake Chen Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Bohai strait upwelling tide dissipation tidal mixing nonlinear advection |
| title | Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait |
| title_full | Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait |
| title_fullStr | Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait |
| title_short | Tide-Induced Upwelling and Its Three-Dimensional Balance of the Vertical Component of Vorticity in the Wider Area of the Bohai Strait |
| title_sort | tide induced upwelling and its three dimensional balance of the vertical component of vorticity in the wider area of the bohai strait |
| topic | Bohai strait upwelling tide dissipation tidal mixing nonlinear advection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/9/1839 |
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