Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS
Abstract Alcohol and cocaine (COC) are commonly co-used drugs that cause addiction and have harmful effects. Their abuse may threaten the health of the abuser and public safety by causing serious accidents or crimes. The recidivism rate of drug-related crimes closely correlates with alcoholism. Seve...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2 |
| _version_ | 1797274341054873600 |
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| author | Dong Won Shin Seon Yeong Kim Sung Ill Suh Jin Young Kim |
| author_facet | Dong Won Shin Seon Yeong Kim Sung Ill Suh Jin Young Kim |
| author_sort | Dong Won Shin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Alcohol and cocaine (COC) are commonly co-used drugs that cause addiction and have harmful effects. Their abuse may threaten the health of the abuser and public safety by causing serious accidents or crimes. The recidivism rate of drug-related crimes closely correlates with alcoholism. Several incidences of alcohol consumption in combination with drug abuse have been reported. Here, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to simultaneously analyze ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a metabolite of ethanol; COC; cocaethylene (CE), an alcohol-derived metabolite of COC; and benzoylecgonine (BZE), a major metabolite of COC, to determine the concurrent use of alcohol with COC. For pre-treatment, ultracentrifugation (5 min, 50,000 g) and mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction were used to increase the recovery of target compounds and minimize the matrix effect of hair. The lower limits of quantification were: 7 pg/mg (EtG), 2 pg/mg (COC), 10 pg/mg (CE), and 1 pg/mg (BZE). The correlation coefficient (r) of the calibration curve within the quantified range of target compounds was ≥ 0.9978. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were − 6.1–9.7% and − 9.3–8.3%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.5–10.3% and 0.6–14.4%, respectively. The recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and autosampler stability were 89.2–104.8%, 81.6–105.4%, 81.5–107.1%, and 96.6–109.7%, respectively. The novel analytical method was validated with hair samples from individuals suspected of alcohol and COC use, and the method could distinguish between independent and concurrent use. Based on the findings, the analytical approach developed in this study is anticipated to be valuable in drug and alcohol dependence tests that require the simultaneous detection of alcohol and COC abuse. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fac1df296b97420f967dcffaf482411e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-3371 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fac1df296b97420f967dcffaf482411e2024-03-05T19:22:26ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Analytical Science and Technology2093-33712024-03-0115111210.1186/s40543-023-00412-2Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MSDong Won Shin0Seon Yeong Kim1Sung Ill Suh2Jin Young Kim3Forensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeAbstract Alcohol and cocaine (COC) are commonly co-used drugs that cause addiction and have harmful effects. Their abuse may threaten the health of the abuser and public safety by causing serious accidents or crimes. The recidivism rate of drug-related crimes closely correlates with alcoholism. Several incidences of alcohol consumption in combination with drug abuse have been reported. Here, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to simultaneously analyze ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a metabolite of ethanol; COC; cocaethylene (CE), an alcohol-derived metabolite of COC; and benzoylecgonine (BZE), a major metabolite of COC, to determine the concurrent use of alcohol with COC. For pre-treatment, ultracentrifugation (5 min, 50,000 g) and mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction were used to increase the recovery of target compounds and minimize the matrix effect of hair. The lower limits of quantification were: 7 pg/mg (EtG), 2 pg/mg (COC), 10 pg/mg (CE), and 1 pg/mg (BZE). The correlation coefficient (r) of the calibration curve within the quantified range of target compounds was ≥ 0.9978. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were − 6.1–9.7% and − 9.3–8.3%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.5–10.3% and 0.6–14.4%, respectively. The recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and autosampler stability were 89.2–104.8%, 81.6–105.4%, 81.5–107.1%, and 96.6–109.7%, respectively. The novel analytical method was validated with hair samples from individuals suspected of alcohol and COC use, and the method could distinguish between independent and concurrent use. Based on the findings, the analytical approach developed in this study is anticipated to be valuable in drug and alcohol dependence tests that require the simultaneous detection of alcohol and COC abuse.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2Ethyl glucuronideCocaineCocaethyleneBenzoylecgonineHairAlcohol |
| spellingShingle | Dong Won Shin Seon Yeong Kim Sung Ill Suh Jin Young Kim Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS Journal of Analytical Science and Technology Ethyl glucuronide Cocaine Cocaethylene Benzoylecgonine Hair Alcohol |
| title | Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS |
| title_full | Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS |
| title_short | Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS |
| title_sort | simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide cocaine cocaethylene and benzoylecgonine in hair by using lc ms ms |
| topic | Ethyl glucuronide Cocaine Cocaethylene Benzoylecgonine Hair Alcohol |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2 |
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