Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles
A mixed culture (polymicrobial) biofilm provides a favorable environment for pathogens to persist in the food processing environment and to contaminate food products. Inactivation and eradication of such biofilms from food processing environments are achieved by using harsh disinfectants, but their...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/569 |
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| author | Xingjian Bai Luping Xu Atul Kumar Singh Xiaoling Qiu Mai Liu Ahmed Abuzeid Talaat El-Khateib Arun K. Bhunia |
| author_facet | Xingjian Bai Luping Xu Atul Kumar Singh Xiaoling Qiu Mai Liu Ahmed Abuzeid Talaat El-Khateib Arun K. Bhunia |
| author_sort | Xingjian Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A mixed culture (polymicrobial) biofilm provides a favorable environment for pathogens to persist in the food processing environment and to contaminate food products. Inactivation and eradication of such biofilms from food processing environments are achieved by using harsh disinfectants, but their toxicity and environmentally hostile characteristics are unsustainable. This study aims to use food-grade natural nanoparticulated antimicrobials to control mixed-culture biofilms. Chitosan, a natural broad-spectrum antimicrobial biopolymer (polysaccharide) from crustaceans, was derivatized to produce chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) as a carrier for another broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, ε-poly-L-lysine (PL), to synthesize ChNP-PL conjugate. The antimicrobial activity of ChNP and ChNP-PL was tested against mixed-culture biofilms. ChNP-PL (~100 nm) exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effect against mono or mixed-culture biofilms of five foodborne pathogens, including <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. ChNP-PL treatment prevented biofilm formation by mono or mixed cultures of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, and bacterial counts were either below the detection limit or caused 3.5–5 log reduction. ChNP-PL also inactivated preformed biofilms. In monoculture biofilm, ChNP-PL treatment reduced <i>L. monocytogenes</i> counts by 4.5 logs, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis by 2 logs, <i>E. coli</i> by 2 logs, and <i>S. aureus</i> by 0.5 logs, while ChNP-PL had no inhibitory effect on <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In vitro mammalian cell-based cytotoxicity analysis confirmed ChNP-PL to have no deleterious effect on intestinal HCT-8 cell line. In conclusion, our results show ChNP-PL has strong potential to prevent the formation or inactivation of preformed polymicrobial biofilms of foodborne pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-facde048c6bb4ab0978346c35ce84ec3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-facde048c6bb4ab0978346c35ce84ec32023-11-23T19:53:56ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-02-0111456910.3390/foods11040569Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan NanoparticlesXingjian Bai0Luping Xu1Atul Kumar Singh2Xiaoling Qiu3Mai Liu4Ahmed Abuzeid5Talaat El-Khateib6Arun K. Bhunia7Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAMolecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAMolecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAMolecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAMolecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Food Hygiene, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptDepartment of Food Hygiene, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptMolecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAA mixed culture (polymicrobial) biofilm provides a favorable environment for pathogens to persist in the food processing environment and to contaminate food products. Inactivation and eradication of such biofilms from food processing environments are achieved by using harsh disinfectants, but their toxicity and environmentally hostile characteristics are unsustainable. This study aims to use food-grade natural nanoparticulated antimicrobials to control mixed-culture biofilms. Chitosan, a natural broad-spectrum antimicrobial biopolymer (polysaccharide) from crustaceans, was derivatized to produce chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) as a carrier for another broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, ε-poly-L-lysine (PL), to synthesize ChNP-PL conjugate. The antimicrobial activity of ChNP and ChNP-PL was tested against mixed-culture biofilms. ChNP-PL (~100 nm) exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effect against mono or mixed-culture biofilms of five foodborne pathogens, including <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. ChNP-PL treatment prevented biofilm formation by mono or mixed cultures of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, and bacterial counts were either below the detection limit or caused 3.5–5 log reduction. ChNP-PL also inactivated preformed biofilms. In monoculture biofilm, ChNP-PL treatment reduced <i>L. monocytogenes</i> counts by 4.5 logs, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis by 2 logs, <i>E. coli</i> by 2 logs, and <i>S. aureus</i> by 0.5 logs, while ChNP-PL had no inhibitory effect on <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In vitro mammalian cell-based cytotoxicity analysis confirmed ChNP-PL to have no deleterious effect on intestinal HCT-8 cell line. In conclusion, our results show ChNP-PL has strong potential to prevent the formation or inactivation of preformed polymicrobial biofilms of foodborne pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/569biofilmmulti-pathogenchitosan nanoparticleε-poly-L-lysineinactivation<i>Listeria</i> |
| spellingShingle | Xingjian Bai Luping Xu Atul Kumar Singh Xiaoling Qiu Mai Liu Ahmed Abuzeid Talaat El-Khateib Arun K. Bhunia Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles Foods biofilm multi-pathogen chitosan nanoparticle ε-poly-L-lysine inactivation <i>Listeria</i> |
| title | Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | inactivation of polymicrobial biofilms of foodborne pathogens using epsilon poly l lysin conjugated chitosan nanoparticles |
| topic | biofilm multi-pathogen chitosan nanoparticle ε-poly-L-lysine inactivation <i>Listeria</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/569 |
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