Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study
Abstract Background A simple, non-quantitative, and cost-effective diagnostic tool would enable the diagnosis of flatfoot without need for specialized training. A simple footprint assessment board that investigates which toe the cord passes through from the centre point of the heel to the most later...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04154-3 |
| _version_ | 1818677627197587456 |
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| author | Seikai Toyooka Naoya Shimazaki Youichi Yasui Shuji Ando Yasuaki Saho Takumi Nakagawa Hirotaka Kawano Wataru Miyamoto |
| author_facet | Seikai Toyooka Naoya Shimazaki Youichi Yasui Shuji Ando Yasuaki Saho Takumi Nakagawa Hirotaka Kawano Wataru Miyamoto |
| author_sort | Seikai Toyooka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background A simple, non-quantitative, and cost-effective diagnostic tool would enable the diagnosis of flatfoot without need for specialized training. A simple footprint assessment board that investigates which toe the cord passes through from the centre point of the heel to the most lateral point of the medial contour of the footprint has been developed to assess flatfoot. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of a simple footprint assessment board for flatfoot. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with foot pain, foot injury, or any associated symptoms who underwent computed tomography (CT) were analysed prospectively. At the time of the CT scan, a footprint analysis using a simple footprint assessment board was performed. The navicular index, tibiocalcaneal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were evaluated by CT to assess flat feet. These three criteria were compared to those evaluated with the simple footprint assessment board by regression analysis. In addition, the same analysis was conducted separately for young, middle-aged, and older patients in order to investigate each age group. Results The navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle generally decreased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. Calcaneal inclination angle generally increased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. As the scores of the simple footprint assessment board decreased by approaching the great toe, the navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle were higher and calcaneal inclination angle was lower, which is indicative of a higher likelihood of flatfoot. The scores derived from the simple footprint assessment board was correlated with these three criteria measured by CT, not only when the result of simple footprint assessment board was set as a non-continuous variable but also when the result was set as a continuous variable. The results of the age-stratified survey were similar for all groups. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that a simple footprint assessment board can be potentially useful to detect flatfoot. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T09:02:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fad8d9b4532348a5b6ef72138b4183ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2474 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T09:02:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-fad8d9b4532348a5b6ef72138b4183ec2022-12-21T21:55:39ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742021-03-012211910.1186/s12891-021-04154-3Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort studySeikai Toyooka0Naoya Shimazaki1Youichi Yasui2Shuji Ando3Yasuaki Saho4Takumi Nakagawa5Hirotaka Kawano6Wataru Miyamoto7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimazaki HospitalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Information Engineering, Tokyo University of ScienceFaculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University Institute of Sports Science and MedicineDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of MedicineAbstract Background A simple, non-quantitative, and cost-effective diagnostic tool would enable the diagnosis of flatfoot without need for specialized training. A simple footprint assessment board that investigates which toe the cord passes through from the centre point of the heel to the most lateral point of the medial contour of the footprint has been developed to assess flatfoot. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of a simple footprint assessment board for flatfoot. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with foot pain, foot injury, or any associated symptoms who underwent computed tomography (CT) were analysed prospectively. At the time of the CT scan, a footprint analysis using a simple footprint assessment board was performed. The navicular index, tibiocalcaneal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were evaluated by CT to assess flat feet. These three criteria were compared to those evaluated with the simple footprint assessment board by regression analysis. In addition, the same analysis was conducted separately for young, middle-aged, and older patients in order to investigate each age group. Results The navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle generally decreased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. Calcaneal inclination angle generally increased as the score of the simple footprint assessment board increased. As the scores of the simple footprint assessment board decreased by approaching the great toe, the navicular index and tibiocalcaneal angle were higher and calcaneal inclination angle was lower, which is indicative of a higher likelihood of flatfoot. The scores derived from the simple footprint assessment board was correlated with these three criteria measured by CT, not only when the result of simple footprint assessment board was set as a non-continuous variable but also when the result was set as a continuous variable. The results of the age-stratified survey were similar for all groups. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that a simple footprint assessment board can be potentially useful to detect flatfoot. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04154-3FlatfootFootprint assessment boardArch heightNavicular index |
| spellingShingle | Seikai Toyooka Naoya Shimazaki Youichi Yasui Shuji Ando Yasuaki Saho Takumi Nakagawa Hirotaka Kawano Wataru Miyamoto Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Flatfoot Footprint assessment board Arch height Navicular index |
| title | Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot a prospective cohort study |
| topic | Flatfoot Footprint assessment board Arch height Navicular index |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04154-3 |
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