An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility.
Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells in an active process involving their ability to move by gliding motility. While the acto-myosin system of the parasite plays a crucial role in the formation and release of attachment sites during this process, there are still open questions regarding the invo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-06-01
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| Series: | PLoS Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000060 |
| _version_ | 1818578327186702336 |
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| author | Simon Gras Elena Jimenez-Ruiz Christen M Klinger Katja Schneider Andreas Klingl Leandro Lemgruber Markus Meissner |
| author_facet | Simon Gras Elena Jimenez-Ruiz Christen M Klinger Katja Schneider Andreas Klingl Leandro Lemgruber Markus Meissner |
| author_sort | Simon Gras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells in an active process involving their ability to move by gliding motility. While the acto-myosin system of the parasite plays a crucial role in the formation and release of attachment sites during this process, there are still open questions regarding the involvement of other mechanisms in parasite motility. In many eukaryotes, a secretory-endocytic cycle leads to the recycling of receptors (integrins), necessary to form attachment sites, regulation of surface area during motility, and generation of retrograde membrane flow. Here, we demonstrate that endocytosis operates during gliding motility in Toxoplasma gondii and appears to be crucial for the establishment of retrograde membrane flow, because inhibition of endocytosis blocks retrograde flow and motility. We demonstrate that extracellular parasites can efficiently incorporate exogenous material, such as labelled phospholipids, nanogold particles (NGPs), antibodies, and Concanavalin A (ConA). Using labelled phospholipids, we observed that the endocytic and secretory pathways of the parasite converge, and endocytosed lipids are subsequently secreted, demonstrating the operation of an endocytic-secretory cycle. Together our data consolidate previous findings, and we propose an additional model, working in parallel to the acto-myosin motor, that reconciles parasite motility with observations in other eukaryotes: an apicomplexan fountain-flow-model for parasite motility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:44:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fae67b1aa82f4edd8d406bdb72157b40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:44:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fae67b1aa82f4edd8d406bdb72157b402022-12-21T22:40:36ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852019-06-01176e300006010.1371/journal.pbio.3000060An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility.Simon GrasElena Jimenez-RuizChristen M KlingerKatja SchneiderAndreas KlinglLeandro LemgruberMarkus MeissnerApicomplexan parasites invade host cells in an active process involving their ability to move by gliding motility. While the acto-myosin system of the parasite plays a crucial role in the formation and release of attachment sites during this process, there are still open questions regarding the involvement of other mechanisms in parasite motility. In many eukaryotes, a secretory-endocytic cycle leads to the recycling of receptors (integrins), necessary to form attachment sites, regulation of surface area during motility, and generation of retrograde membrane flow. Here, we demonstrate that endocytosis operates during gliding motility in Toxoplasma gondii and appears to be crucial for the establishment of retrograde membrane flow, because inhibition of endocytosis blocks retrograde flow and motility. We demonstrate that extracellular parasites can efficiently incorporate exogenous material, such as labelled phospholipids, nanogold particles (NGPs), antibodies, and Concanavalin A (ConA). Using labelled phospholipids, we observed that the endocytic and secretory pathways of the parasite converge, and endocytosed lipids are subsequently secreted, demonstrating the operation of an endocytic-secretory cycle. Together our data consolidate previous findings, and we propose an additional model, working in parallel to the acto-myosin motor, that reconciles parasite motility with observations in other eukaryotes: an apicomplexan fountain-flow-model for parasite motility.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000060 |
| spellingShingle | Simon Gras Elena Jimenez-Ruiz Christen M Klinger Katja Schneider Andreas Klingl Leandro Lemgruber Markus Meissner An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. PLoS Biology |
| title | An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. |
| title_full | An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. |
| title_fullStr | An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. |
| title_full_unstemmed | An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. |
| title_short | An endocytic-secretory cycle participates in Toxoplasma gondii in motility. |
| title_sort | endocytic secretory cycle participates in toxoplasma gondii in motility |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000060 |
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