Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants
In this research work, the photocatalytic capacity shown by the nanoparticles of the CaTiO<sub>3</sub> system was evaluated to degrade two pollutants of emerging concern, namely methyl orange (MO)—considered an organic contaminating substance of the textile industry that is non-biodegrad...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/22/2967 |
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| author | Lizet Cerón-Urbano Carol J. Aguilar Jesús E. Diosa Edgar Mosquera-Vargas |
| author_facet | Lizet Cerón-Urbano Carol J. Aguilar Jesús E. Diosa Edgar Mosquera-Vargas |
| author_sort | Lizet Cerón-Urbano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this research work, the photocatalytic capacity shown by the nanoparticles of the CaTiO<sub>3</sub> system was evaluated to degrade two pollutants of emerging concern, namely methyl orange (MO)—considered an organic contaminating substance of the textile industry that is non-biodegradable when dissolved in water—and levofloxacin (LVF), an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases that is released mostly to the environment in its original chemical form. The synthesis process used to obtain these powders was the polymeric precursor method (Pechini), at a temperature of 700 °C for 6 h. The characterization of the obtained oxide nanoparticles of interest revealed the presence of a majority perovskite-type phase with an orthorhombic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> structure and a minority rutile-type <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> phase, with a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mn>42</mn><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> structure and a primary particle size <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The adsorption–desorption isotherms of the synthesized solids had H3-type hysteresis loops, characteristic of mesoporous solids, with a BET surface area of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10.01</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The Raman and FTIR spectroscopy results made it possible to identify the characteristic vibrations of the synthesized system and the characteristic deformations of the perovskite structure, reiterating the results obtained from the XRD analysis. Furthermore, a bandgap energy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>~</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and characteristic emissions in the violet (437 nm/2.8 eV) and orange (611 nm/2.03 eV) were determined for excitation lengths of 250 nm and 325 nm, respectively, showing that these systems have a strong emission in the visible light region and allowing their use in photocatalytic activity to be potentialized. The powders obtained were studied for their photocatalytic capacity to degrade methyl orange (MO) and levofloxacin (LVF), dissolved in water. To quantify the coloring concentration, UV–visible spectroscopy was used considering the variation in the intensity of the characteristic of the greatest absorption, which correlated with the change in the concentration of the contaminant in the solution. The results showed that after irradiation with ultraviolet light, the degradation of the contaminants MO and LVF was 79.4% and 98.1% with concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:53Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:53Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fae6d11f57304e4a98b73d1a89948d142023-11-24T14:58:58ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-11-011322296710.3390/nano13222967Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging PollutantsLizet Cerón-Urbano0Carol J. Aguilar1Jesús E. Diosa2Edgar Mosquera-Vargas3Grupo de Transiciones de Fase y Materiales Funcionales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760042, ColombiaGrupo de Transiciones de Fase y Materiales Funcionales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760042, ColombiaGrupo de Transiciones de Fase y Materiales Funcionales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760042, ColombiaGrupo de Transiciones de Fase y Materiales Funcionales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760042, ColombiaIn this research work, the photocatalytic capacity shown by the nanoparticles of the CaTiO<sub>3</sub> system was evaluated to degrade two pollutants of emerging concern, namely methyl orange (MO)—considered an organic contaminating substance of the textile industry that is non-biodegradable when dissolved in water—and levofloxacin (LVF), an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases that is released mostly to the environment in its original chemical form. The synthesis process used to obtain these powders was the polymeric precursor method (Pechini), at a temperature of 700 °C for 6 h. The characterization of the obtained oxide nanoparticles of interest revealed the presence of a majority perovskite-type phase with an orthorhombic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> structure and a minority rutile-type <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> phase, with a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mn>42</mn><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> structure and a primary particle size <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The adsorption–desorption isotherms of the synthesized solids had H3-type hysteresis loops, characteristic of mesoporous solids, with a BET surface area of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10.01</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The Raman and FTIR spectroscopy results made it possible to identify the characteristic vibrations of the synthesized system and the characteristic deformations of the perovskite structure, reiterating the results obtained from the XRD analysis. Furthermore, a bandgap energy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>~</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace width="0.33em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and characteristic emissions in the violet (437 nm/2.8 eV) and orange (611 nm/2.03 eV) were determined for excitation lengths of 250 nm and 325 nm, respectively, showing that these systems have a strong emission in the visible light region and allowing their use in photocatalytic activity to be potentialized. The powders obtained were studied for their photocatalytic capacity to degrade methyl orange (MO) and levofloxacin (LVF), dissolved in water. To quantify the coloring concentration, UV–visible spectroscopy was used considering the variation in the intensity of the characteristic of the greatest absorption, which correlated with the change in the concentration of the contaminant in the solution. The results showed that after irradiation with ultraviolet light, the degradation of the contaminants MO and LVF was 79.4% and 98.1% with concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/22/2967emerging pollutantspolymer precursor methodoptical propertiesphotocatalysisdegradationwater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Lizet Cerón-Urbano Carol J. Aguilar Jesús E. Diosa Edgar Mosquera-Vargas Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants Nanomaterials emerging pollutants polymer precursor method optical properties photocatalysis degradation water treatment |
| title | Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants |
| title_full | Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants |
| title_fullStr | Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants |
| title_short | Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO<sub>3</sub> System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants |
| title_sort | nanoparticles of the perovskite structure catio sub 3 sub system the synthesis characterization and evaluation of its photocatalytic capacity to degrade emerging pollutants |
| topic | emerging pollutants polymer precursor method optical properties photocatalysis degradation water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/22/2967 |
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