Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids
Background: External apical root resorption (EARR), an unwanted sequela of orthodontic treatment, is difficult to diagnose radiographically. Hence, the current scoping review was planned to generate critical evidence related to biomarkers in oral fluids, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Rambam Health Care Campus
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.rmmj.org.il/issues/55/1487/manuscript |
| _version_ | 1811193524256768000 |
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| author | Priyanka Kapoor Aman Chowdhry Dinesh Kumar Bagga Deepak Bhargava |
| author_facet | Priyanka Kapoor Aman Chowdhry Dinesh Kumar Bagga Deepak Bhargava |
| author_sort | Priyanka Kapoor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: External apical root resorption (EARR), an unwanted sequela of orthodontic treatment, is difficult to diagnose radiographically. Hence, the current scoping review was planned to generate critical evidence related to biomarkers in oral fluids, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and blood, of patients showing root resorption, compared to no-resorption or physiologic resorption.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in major databases along with a manual search of relevant articles in the library, and further search from references of the related articles in March 2021. The initial search was subjected to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, 20 studies were included in the final review. The studies included human clinical trials and cross-sectional and prospective studies with/without control groups with no date/ language restriction. Various biomarkers identified in EARR included dentinal proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and salivary proteins. Severe resorption had higher dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and resorption protein concentrations as well as lower granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as compared with mild resorption. Increased DSP and dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) expression was found in physiologic resorption. Compared to controls, resorbed teeth showed a higher receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/ osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio. In contrast, levels of anti-resorptive mediators (IL-1RA, IL-4) was significantly decreased. Differences in force levels (150 g and 100 g) showed no difference in resorption, but a significant rise in biomarkers (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) for 150 g force. Moderate to severe resorption in young patients showed a rise in specific salivary proteins, requiring further validation. Limitations of the studies were heterogeneity in study design, biomarker collection, sample selection, and confounding inflammatory conditions.
Conclusions: Various biomarkers in biofluids indicate active resorption, while resorption severity was associated with DSP and GM-CSF in GCF, and a few salivary proteins. However, a robust study design in the future is mandated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:10:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-faf40f41350644deaf97a501656d4c96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-9172 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:10:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-faf40f41350644deaf97a501656d4c962022-12-22T03:56:00ZengRambam Health Care CampusRambam Maimonides Medical Journal2076-91722022-10-01134e002710.5041/RMMJ.10482Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in BiofluidsPriyanka Kapoor0Aman Chowdhry1Dinesh Kumar Bagga2Deepak Bhargava3School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IndiaSchool of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India and Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBackground: External apical root resorption (EARR), an unwanted sequela of orthodontic treatment, is difficult to diagnose radiographically. Hence, the current scoping review was planned to generate critical evidence related to biomarkers in oral fluids, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and blood, of patients showing root resorption, compared to no-resorption or physiologic resorption. Methods: A literature search was conducted in major databases along with a manual search of relevant articles in the library, and further search from references of the related articles in March 2021. The initial search was subjected to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, 20 studies were included in the final review. The studies included human clinical trials and cross-sectional and prospective studies with/without control groups with no date/ language restriction. Various biomarkers identified in EARR included dentinal proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and salivary proteins. Severe resorption had higher dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and resorption protein concentrations as well as lower granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as compared with mild resorption. Increased DSP and dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) expression was found in physiologic resorption. Compared to controls, resorbed teeth showed a higher receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/ osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio. In contrast, levels of anti-resorptive mediators (IL-1RA, IL-4) was significantly decreased. Differences in force levels (150 g and 100 g) showed no difference in resorption, but a significant rise in biomarkers (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) for 150 g force. Moderate to severe resorption in young patients showed a rise in specific salivary proteins, requiring further validation. Limitations of the studies were heterogeneity in study design, biomarker collection, sample selection, and confounding inflammatory conditions. Conclusions: Various biomarkers in biofluids indicate active resorption, while resorption severity was associated with DSP and GM-CSF in GCF, and a few salivary proteins. However, a robust study design in the future is mandated.https://www.rmmj.org.il/issues/55/1487/manuscriptbiomarkersgingival crevicular fluidinterleukinorthodonticsroot resorption |
| spellingShingle | Priyanka Kapoor Aman Chowdhry Dinesh Kumar Bagga Deepak Bhargava Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal biomarkers gingival crevicular fluid interleukin orthodontics root resorption |
| title | Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids |
| title_full | Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids |
| title_short | Biomarkers in External Apical Root Resorption: An Evidence-based Scoping Review in Biofluids |
| title_sort | biomarkers in external apical root resorption an evidence based scoping review in biofluids |
| topic | biomarkers gingival crevicular fluid interleukin orthodontics root resorption |
| url | https://www.rmmj.org.il/issues/55/1487/manuscript |
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