A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology
Dual-polarization division multiplexing (DPDM) is considered to be a potential method to boost the secure key rate (SKR) of the continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. In this article, we propose a pilot alternately assisted local local oscillator (LLO) CV-QKD scheme based on m...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/934 |
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| author | Shuai Zhang Heng Wang Yan Pan Yun Shao Tao Zhang Wei Huang Yang Li Bingjie Xu |
| author_facet | Shuai Zhang Heng Wang Yan Pan Yun Shao Tao Zhang Wei Huang Yang Li Bingjie Xu |
| author_sort | Shuai Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dual-polarization division multiplexing (DPDM) is considered to be a potential method to boost the secure key rate (SKR) of the continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. In this article, we propose a pilot alternately assisted local local oscillator (LLO) CV-QKD scheme based on multi-dimensional multiplexing, where time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing are combined with dual-polarization multiplexing techniques to dramatically isolate the quantum signal from the pilot tone. We establish a general excess noise model for the LLO CV-QKD system to analyze the influence mechanism of various disturbances (e.g., time-domain diffusion, frequency-domain modulation residual, and polarization perturbation) on the key parameters, such as the channel transmittance and excess noise. Specifically, the photon leakage noise from the reference path to the quantum path and that between quantum signals with two different polarization paths are simultaneously analyzed in the dual-polarization LLO CV-QKD scheme for the first time. Furthermore, a series of simulations are established to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that the maximal isolation degree achieves 84.0 dB~90.4 dB, and the crosstalk between pilot tones and quantum signals can be suppressed to a very small range. By optimizing the system parameters (e.g., modulation variance and repetition frequency), the SKR with 12.801 Mbps@25 km is achieved under the infinite polarization extinction ratio (PER) and 30 dB residual ratio of the frequency modulation in the nanosecond-level pulse width. Moreover, the performance of the proposed DPDM CV-QKD scheme under relatively harsh conditions is simulated; the results show that the SKR with 1.02 Mbps@25 km is achieved under a relatively low PER of 17 dB with the nanosecond-level pulse width and 20 dB residual ratio of the frequency modulation. Our work lays an important theoretical foundation for the practical DPDM LLO CV-QKD system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:58:22Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:58:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fafdbbb174614079beb5b587c1e923512024-01-29T13:46:08ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-01-0114293410.3390/app14020934A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing TechnologyShuai Zhang0Heng Wang1Yan Pan2Yun Shao3Tao Zhang4Wei Huang5Yang Li6Bingjie Xu7Science and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaScience and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDual-polarization division multiplexing (DPDM) is considered to be a potential method to boost the secure key rate (SKR) of the continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. In this article, we propose a pilot alternately assisted local local oscillator (LLO) CV-QKD scheme based on multi-dimensional multiplexing, where time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing are combined with dual-polarization multiplexing techniques to dramatically isolate the quantum signal from the pilot tone. We establish a general excess noise model for the LLO CV-QKD system to analyze the influence mechanism of various disturbances (e.g., time-domain diffusion, frequency-domain modulation residual, and polarization perturbation) on the key parameters, such as the channel transmittance and excess noise. Specifically, the photon leakage noise from the reference path to the quantum path and that between quantum signals with two different polarization paths are simultaneously analyzed in the dual-polarization LLO CV-QKD scheme for the first time. Furthermore, a series of simulations are established to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that the maximal isolation degree achieves 84.0 dB~90.4 dB, and the crosstalk between pilot tones and quantum signals can be suppressed to a very small range. By optimizing the system parameters (e.g., modulation variance and repetition frequency), the SKR with 12.801 Mbps@25 km is achieved under the infinite polarization extinction ratio (PER) and 30 dB residual ratio of the frequency modulation in the nanosecond-level pulse width. Moreover, the performance of the proposed DPDM CV-QKD scheme under relatively harsh conditions is simulated; the results show that the SKR with 1.02 Mbps@25 km is achieved under a relatively low PER of 17 dB with the nanosecond-level pulse width and 20 dB residual ratio of the frequency modulation. Our work lays an important theoretical foundation for the practical DPDM LLO CV-QKD system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/934local local oscillatorcontinuous variablequantum key distributiondual-polarization division multiplexing |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Zhang Heng Wang Yan Pan Yun Shao Tao Zhang Wei Huang Yang Li Bingjie Xu A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology Applied Sciences local local oscillator continuous variable quantum key distribution dual-polarization division multiplexing |
| title | A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology |
| title_full | A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology |
| title_short | A Novel Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Multi-Dimensional Multiplexing Technology |
| title_sort | novel continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme based on multi dimensional multiplexing technology |
| topic | local local oscillator continuous variable quantum key distribution dual-polarization division multiplexing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/934 |
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