Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel
The presented paper aims to study the influence of mineral diesel fuel and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) on the injection process, fuel flow conditions, and cavitation formation in a modern common-rail injector. First, the influence on injection characteristics was studied experimentally using...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/2/452 |
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| author | Luka Lešnik Breda Kegl Eloísa Torres-Jiménez Fernando Cruz-Peragón Carmen Mata Ignacijo Biluš |
| author_facet | Luka Lešnik Breda Kegl Eloísa Torres-Jiménez Fernando Cruz-Peragón Carmen Mata Ignacijo Biluš |
| author_sort | Luka Lešnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presented paper aims to study the influence of mineral diesel fuel and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) on the injection process, fuel flow conditions, and cavitation formation in a modern common-rail injector. First, the influence on injection characteristics was studied experimentally using an injection system test bench, and numerically using the one-dimensional computational program. Afterward, the influence of fuel properties on internal fuel flow was studied numerically using a computational program. The flow inside the injector was considered as multiphase flow and was calculated through unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations using a Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach. Finally, the influence of in-cylinder back pressure on the internal nozzle flow was studied at three distinctive back pressures. The obtained numerical results for injection characteristics show good agreement with the experimental ones. The results of 3D simulations indicate that differences in fuel properties influence internal fuel flow and cavitation inception. The location of cavitation formation is the same for both fuels. The cavitation formation is triggered regardless of fuel properties. The size of the cavitation area is influenced by fuel properties and also from in-cylinder back pressure. Higher values of back pressure induce smaller areas of cavitation and vice versa. Comparing the conditions at injection hole exit, diesel fuel proved slightly higher average mass flow rate and velocities, which can be attributed to differences in fluid densities and viscosities. Overall, the obtained results indicate that when considering the injection process and internal nozzle flow, GTL fuel can be used in common-rail injection systems with solenoid injectors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:37:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb05209618954f988c60b4218695913a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:37:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb05209618954f988c60b4218695913a2023-12-03T13:26:36ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-01-0114245210.3390/en14020452Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL FuelLuka Lešnik0Breda Kegl1Eloísa Torres-Jiménez2Fernando Cruz-Peragón3Carmen Mata4Ignacijo Biluš5Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, SloveniaDepartment of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Campus las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, s/n, 23071 Jaén, SpainDepartment of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Campus las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, s/n, 23071 Jaén, SpainEscuela de Ingeniería Minera e Industrial de Almadén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Energía y Medioambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza Meca s/n, 13400 Almadén, SpainFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, SloveniaThe presented paper aims to study the influence of mineral diesel fuel and synthetic Gas-To-Liquid fuel (GTL) on the injection process, fuel flow conditions, and cavitation formation in a modern common-rail injector. First, the influence on injection characteristics was studied experimentally using an injection system test bench, and numerically using the one-dimensional computational program. Afterward, the influence of fuel properties on internal fuel flow was studied numerically using a computational program. The flow inside the injector was considered as multiphase flow and was calculated through unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations using a Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach. Finally, the influence of in-cylinder back pressure on the internal nozzle flow was studied at three distinctive back pressures. The obtained numerical results for injection characteristics show good agreement with the experimental ones. The results of 3D simulations indicate that differences in fuel properties influence internal fuel flow and cavitation inception. The location of cavitation formation is the same for both fuels. The cavitation formation is triggered regardless of fuel properties. The size of the cavitation area is influenced by fuel properties and also from in-cylinder back pressure. Higher values of back pressure induce smaller areas of cavitation and vice versa. Comparing the conditions at injection hole exit, diesel fuel proved slightly higher average mass flow rate and velocities, which can be attributed to differences in fluid densities and viscosities. Overall, the obtained results indicate that when considering the injection process and internal nozzle flow, GTL fuel can be used in common-rail injection systems with solenoid injectors.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/2/452nozzle flowcavitationmultiphase flowsynthetic fueldiesel injectiontransient simulations |
| spellingShingle | Luka Lešnik Breda Kegl Eloísa Torres-Jiménez Fernando Cruz-Peragón Carmen Mata Ignacijo Biluš Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel Energies nozzle flow cavitation multiphase flow synthetic fuel diesel injection transient simulations |
| title | Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel |
| title_full | Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel |
| title_short | Effect of the In-Cylinder Back Pressure on the Injection Process and Fuel Flow Characteristics in a Common-Rail Diesel Injector Using GTL Fuel |
| title_sort | effect of the in cylinder back pressure on the injection process and fuel flow characteristics in a common rail diesel injector using gtl fuel |
| topic | nozzle flow cavitation multiphase flow synthetic fuel diesel injection transient simulations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/2/452 |
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