From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity
Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture need...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1654 |
| _version_ | 1797408411060535296 |
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| author | Hans-Werner Koyro Bernhard Huchzermeyer |
| author_facet | Hans-Werner Koyro Bernhard Huchzermeyer |
| author_sort | Hans-Werner Koyro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress-resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:59:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb17cea9784b45dabbc4e2814c9d484b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:59:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb17cea9784b45dabbc4e2814c9d484b2023-12-03T14:17:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011113165410.3390/plants11131654From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and SalinityHans-Werner Koyro0Bernhard Huchzermeyer1Institute of Plantecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30416 Hannover, GermanyCrop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress-resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1654water withholdsalinitystress amendmentsbiocharplant–microorganism interactionplant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) |
| spellingShingle | Hans-Werner Koyro Bernhard Huchzermeyer From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity Plants water withhold salinity stress amendments biochar plant–microorganism interaction plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) |
| title | From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity |
| title_full | From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity |
| title_fullStr | From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity |
| title_short | From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity |
| title_sort | from soil amendments to controlling autophagy supporting plant metabolism under conditions of water shortage and salinity |
| topic | water withhold salinity stress amendments biochar plant–microorganism interaction plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1654 |
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