Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach
This study extends prior research on referee bias and close bias in professional soccer by examining whether Major League Soccer (MLS) referees’ discretion over stoppage time (i.e., extra play beyond regulation) is influenced by end-of-regulation match scores and/or home field advantage. To do so, w...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-02-01
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| Series: | Econometrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2225-1146/2/1/1 |
| _version_ | 1818013962736762880 |
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| author | Katherine G. Yewell Steven B. Caudill Franklin G. Mixon, Jr. |
| author_facet | Katherine G. Yewell Steven B. Caudill Franklin G. Mixon, Jr. |
| author_sort | Katherine G. Yewell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study extends prior research on referee bias and close bias in professional soccer by examining whether Major League Soccer (MLS) referees’ discretion over stoppage time (i.e., extra play beyond regulation) is influenced by end-of-regulation match scores and/or home field advantage. To do so, we employ a grouped-data regression model and a partially adaptive model. Both account for the imprecise measurement in reported stoppage time. For the 2011 season we find no home field advantage. In fact, stoppage time is the same with a one or two goal deficit at the end of regulation, regardless of which team is ahead. However, the 2011 results do point to an increase in stoppage time of 12 to 20 seconds for nationally televised matches. For the 2012 season, the nationally televised effect disappears due to an increase in stoppage time for those matches not nationally televised. However, a home field advantage is present. Facing a one-goal deficit at the end of regulation, the home team receives about 33 seconds more stoppage time than a visiting team facing the same deficit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:39:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb21456a6abb42469ace9cc40b7eb5ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2225-1146 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:39:47Z |
| publishDate | 2014-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Econometrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb21456a6abb42469ace9cc40b7eb5ce2022-12-22T02:07:23ZengMDPI AGEconometrics2225-11462014-02-012111910.3390/econometrics2010001econometrics2010001Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive ApproachKatherine G. Yewell0Steven B. Caudill1Franklin G. Mixon, Jr.2Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USADepartment of Economics, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USACenter for Economic Education, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USAThis study extends prior research on referee bias and close bias in professional soccer by examining whether Major League Soccer (MLS) referees’ discretion over stoppage time (i.e., extra play beyond regulation) is influenced by end-of-regulation match scores and/or home field advantage. To do so, we employ a grouped-data regression model and a partially adaptive model. Both account for the imprecise measurement in reported stoppage time. For the 2011 season we find no home field advantage. In fact, stoppage time is the same with a one or two goal deficit at the end of regulation, regardless of which team is ahead. However, the 2011 results do point to an increase in stoppage time of 12 to 20 seconds for nationally televised matches. For the 2012 season, the nationally televised effect disappears due to an increase in stoppage time for those matches not nationally televised. However, a home field advantage is present. Facing a one-goal deficit at the end of regulation, the home team receives about 33 seconds more stoppage time than a visiting team facing the same deficit.http://www.mdpi.com/2225-1146/2/1/1partially adaptive estimationreferee biasclose biasgrouped-data regression |
| spellingShingle | Katherine G. Yewell Steven B. Caudill Franklin G. Mixon, Jr. Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach Econometrics partially adaptive estimation referee bias close bias grouped-data regression |
| title | Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach |
| title_full | Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach |
| title_fullStr | Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach |
| title_short | Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach |
| title_sort | referee bias and stoppage time in major league soccer a partially adaptive approach |
| topic | partially adaptive estimation referee bias close bias grouped-data regression |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2225-1146/2/1/1 |
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