Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-im...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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author | Sepanta Hosseinpour Ashwin Nanda Laurence J. Walsh Chun Xu |
author_facet | Sepanta Hosseinpour Ashwin Nanda Laurence J. Walsh Chun Xu |
author_sort | Sepanta Hosseinpour |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface; however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:45Z |
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issn | 2079-4991 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:45Z |
publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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spelling | doaj.art-fb2c12b0add3457a835b46a3521936562023-11-22T14:30:57ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-09-01119233610.3390/nano11092336Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative ReviewSepanta Hosseinpour0Ashwin Nanda1Laurence J. Walsh2Chun Xu3School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaPeri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface; however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2336decontaminationantibacterial agentsnano-modified dental implantnanostructured titaniumdental implant |
spellingShingle | Sepanta Hosseinpour Ashwin Nanda Laurence J. Walsh Chun Xu Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review Nanomaterials decontamination antibacterial agents nano-modified dental implant nanostructured titanium dental implant |
title | Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | microbial decontamination and antibacterial activity of nanostructured titanium dental implants a narrative review |
topic | decontamination antibacterial agents nano-modified dental implant nanostructured titanium dental implant |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2336 |
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