Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review

Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-im...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sepanta Hosseinpour, Ashwin Nanda, Laurence J. Walsh, Chun Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-09-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2336
_version_ 1797517907147620352
author Sepanta Hosseinpour
Ashwin Nanda
Laurence J. Walsh
Chun Xu
author_facet Sepanta Hosseinpour
Ashwin Nanda
Laurence J. Walsh
Chun Xu
author_sort Sepanta Hosseinpour
collection DOAJ
description Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface; however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations.
first_indexed 2024-03-10T07:22:45Z
format Article
id doaj.art-fb2c12b0add3457a835b46a352193656
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2079-4991
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-10T07:22:45Z
publishDate 2021-09-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj.art-fb2c12b0add3457a835b46a3521936562023-11-22T14:30:57ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-09-01119233610.3390/nano11092336Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative ReviewSepanta Hosseinpour0Ashwin Nanda1Laurence J. Walsh2Chun Xu3School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, AustraliaPeri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface; however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2336decontaminationantibacterial agentsnano-modified dental implantnanostructured titaniumdental implant
spellingShingle Sepanta Hosseinpour
Ashwin Nanda
Laurence J. Walsh
Chun Xu
Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
Nanomaterials
decontamination
antibacterial agents
nano-modified dental implant
nanostructured titanium
dental implant
title Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
title_full Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
title_short Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review
title_sort microbial decontamination and antibacterial activity of nanostructured titanium dental implants a narrative review
topic decontamination
antibacterial agents
nano-modified dental implant
nanostructured titanium
dental implant
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2336
work_keys_str_mv AT sepantahosseinpour microbialdecontaminationandantibacterialactivityofnanostructuredtitaniumdentalimplantsanarrativereview
AT ashwinnanda microbialdecontaminationandantibacterialactivityofnanostructuredtitaniumdentalimplantsanarrativereview
AT laurencejwalsh microbialdecontaminationandantibacterialactivityofnanostructuredtitaniumdentalimplantsanarrativereview
AT chunxu microbialdecontaminationandantibacterialactivityofnanostructuredtitaniumdentalimplantsanarrativereview