The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets
The number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the electromagnetic far-fields generated by current sheets under certain noise level in the environment is evaluated numerically by directly sampling on the constellation of the propagation modes in free space. The electric fields in the far region are effic...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10416911/ |
| _version_ | 1797243480503746560 |
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| author | Ting Zang Gaobiao Xiao |
| author_facet | Ting Zang Gaobiao Xiao |
| author_sort | Ting Zang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the electromagnetic far-fields generated by current sheets under certain noise level in the environment is evaluated numerically by directly sampling on the constellation of the propagation modes in free space. The electric fields in the far region are efficiently calculated by using the far-field approximation, and the effective numbers of degrees of freedom (ENDFs) are obtained through singular value decomposition (SVD) incorporating noises. The results show that ENDF is proportional to the area of the current sheets. Due to the effect of noise, when two current sheets in parallel are closer within a threshold, the differential mode fields will be submerged by the noise, so the ENDF is only determined by the common modes. Although the threshold is signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependent, the ENDF provides a clear physical meaning. When two current sheets are located in the same plane, numerical results suggest that the ENDF is mainly determined by the total area of the two current sheets, and the spacing between them almost does not affect the ENDF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:55:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb2cee7c9a90468fabe8abc49af01ec5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2637-6431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:55:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb2cee7c9a90468fabe8abc49af01ec52024-03-26T17:44:35ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312024-01-015243744510.1109/OJAP.2024.336029210416911The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current SheetsTing Zang0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-0506Gaobiao Xiao1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-9475State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaThe number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the electromagnetic far-fields generated by current sheets under certain noise level in the environment is evaluated numerically by directly sampling on the constellation of the propagation modes in free space. The electric fields in the far region are efficiently calculated by using the far-field approximation, and the effective numbers of degrees of freedom (ENDFs) are obtained through singular value decomposition (SVD) incorporating noises. The results show that ENDF is proportional to the area of the current sheets. Due to the effect of noise, when two current sheets in parallel are closer within a threshold, the differential mode fields will be submerged by the noise, so the ENDF is only determined by the common modes. Although the threshold is signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependent, the ENDF provides a clear physical meaning. When two current sheets are located in the same plane, numerical results suggest that the ENDF is mainly determined by the total area of the two current sheets, and the spacing between them almost does not affect the ENDF.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10416911/Effective number of degrees of freedomelectromagnetic far fieldsingular value decompositionsignal-to-noise ratio |
| spellingShingle | Ting Zang Gaobiao Xiao The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Effective number of degrees of freedom electromagnetic far field singular value decomposition signal-to-noise ratio |
| title | The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets |
| title_full | The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets |
| title_fullStr | The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets |
| title_short | The Effective Number of Degrees of Freedom of the Far-Fields Radiated by Rectangular Current Sheets |
| title_sort | effective number of degrees of freedom of the far fields radiated by rectangular current sheets |
| topic | Effective number of degrees of freedom electromagnetic far field singular value decomposition signal-to-noise ratio |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10416911/ |
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